Transcript Rabies Oregon Administrative Rules (OARS) Chapter 333, Division

Animal Bites
&
Rabies
Rabies virus
Disease
• Rabies virus causes an acute
encephalitis in all warm-blooded
hosts, including humans, and the
outcome is almost always fatal.
Although all species of mammals
are susceptible to rabies virus
infection, only a few species are
important as reservoirs for the
disease
Rabies family
• Rabies virus belongs to the order
Mononegavirales, viruses with a
nonsegmented, negative-stranded RNA
genomes. Within this group, viruses with a
distinct "bullet" shape are classified in the
Rhabdoviridae family.
• The genus Lyssavirus includes rabies
virus, Lagos bat, Mokola virus, Duvenhage
virus, European bat virus 1 & 2 and
Australian bat virus.
Transmission
• The rabies virus is transmitted when
infected saliva of a host is passed to an
uninfected animal. Various routes of
transmission have been documented
and include contamination of mucous
membranes (i.e., eyes, nose, mouth),
aerosol transmission, and corneal
transplantations. The most common
mode of rabies virus transmission is
through the bite and virus-containing
saliva of an infected host.
Oregon
Administrative Rules
Animal Bites & Rabies
Oregon Administrative Rules (OARS)
Chapter 333, Division 19 - Health
Division 333-019-
• Except where specifically exempt, all
dogs at least three months old shall
be immunized against rabies by the
age of six months. The following are
exempt
Animal Bites & Rabies
Oregon Administrative Rules
• Vaccination of an animal against rabies is valid only when
performed:
a) by a licensed veterinarian;
b) by a veterinary technician (certified according to OAR
875-030-0010) under the supervision of a licensed
veterinarian; or
• Except as provided in (3), any dog, cat, or ferret that has
bitten a person shall be held for observation until the tenth
day following the bite. This observation shall be under the
supervision of a Licensed Veterinarian or other person
designated by the Local Public Health Authority.
Animal Bites & Rabies
Oregon Administrative Rules
•
A Rabies Vaccination Certificate shall be
completed and signed by the person
performing the vaccination.
Animal Bites & Rabies
• (iii) Destruction of the head of a biting animal. No person shall
destroy or allow to be destroyed without authorization by the local
health officer or administrator (or designee) the head of a rabies
susceptible animal which has bitten a person.
•
• (B) Laboratory Testing of the Head of a rabies susceptible animal
which has bitten a person. The head of the biting animal shall be
submitted immediately and under refrigeration to the Oregon Public
Health Laboratory
Rabies in the US
Human Rabies Data
1996-2005
Human Rabies Data
US acquired cases only
TX
1990
1 case
Bat related
1991
2 cases
AK, GA
Bat related
1993
2 cases
NY, TX
Bat related
1994
4 cases
CA, AL
Bat related
1995
4 cases
CA(2), CT, WA
Bat related
1996
2 cases
MT, KY
Bat related
1997
4 cases
MT, WA, NY, TX
Bat related
1998
1 case
VA
Bat related
2000
5 cases
CA, NY, GA, MN,WI
Bat related
2002
3 cases
CA, TN, IW
Bat Related
2003
1 case
VA
Raccoon Related
2004
2 cases
CA, WI
Bat related
Rabies
Information from the
Oregon Health Division
Rabies
Silver-haired bats
Lasionycteris noctivagans
SILVER HAIR…………… BAT
Rabies in Oregon
Last:
ANIMAL RABIES
Oregon 1960 - 2002
Cats 1999 Douglas Co.
Dog 1990 Mexico/ Douglas Co.
Fox 2000 Josephine Co.
Human 1989 Washington Co.
Skunk 1979 Multnomah Co.
Raccoon 1967Hood River Co.
Cow 1999 Curry Co.
COLUMBIA
CLATSOP 3B
MULTNOMAH
5B
21B, 1D, 1C,1S,1Hu
WASHINGTON
12B, 1S, 1Hu
TILLAMOOK YAMHILL
2B, 1C
POLK
1B
LINCOLN
4B, 1C
BENTON
25 B, 2F
HOOD
RIVER
3B, 1R
CLACKAMAS
26 B, 1C, 1S
CURRY
5B, 2F
1 Co
JACKSON
21B, 8 F
BAKER
4B,1 Hu
JEFFERSON
7B
GRANT
4B
CROOK
1B
DESCHUTES
14B
DOUGLAS
10B, 1D, 1C. 1F
JOSEPHINE
4 B, 2F
UNION
4B
GILLIAM
WHEELER
LINN
24B, 1F
WALLOWA
3B
MORROW
WASCO
4B
MARION
14 B
LANE
31 B,
1D, 1F
COOS
5B, 1F,
UMATILLA
6B 1S
SHERMAN
LAKE
19B
HARNEY
7B
MALHEUR
6B
Legend:
B Bat
C Cat
D Dog
F Fox
Hu Human
R Raccoon
S Skunk
Co Cow
KLAMATH
8B
Updated Jan 2001
Rabies-positive animals
Oregon, 2005
COLUMBIA
CLATSOP
WASHINGTON
HOOD
RIVER
MULTNOMAH
TILLAMOOK
UMATILLA
SHERMAN
GILLIAM
YAMHILL
WALLOWA
MORROW
UNION
CLACKAMAS
WASCO
POLK
MARION
LINCOLN
BAKER
WHEELER
LINN
JEFFERSON
= 1 Bat
GRANT
BENTON
CROOK
LANE
DESCHUTES
COOS
MALHEUR
DOUGLAS
LAKE
JOSEPHINE
CURRY
JACKSON
KLAMATH
HARNEY
Rabies positive animals
OREGON MAP 2006
COLUMBIA
CLATSOP
MULTNOMAH
WASHINGTON
TILLAMOOK
UMATILLA
HOOD
RIVER
WALLOWA
SHERMAN
MORROW
YAMHILL
CLACKAMAS
WASCO
UNION
GILLIAM
POLK
MARION
WHEELER
BAKER
JEFFERSON
LINCOLN
LINN
BENTON
GRANT
CROOK
LANE
DESCHUTES
COOS
MALHEUR
DOUGLAS
LAKE
JACKSON
JOEPHINE
CURRY
KLAMATH
HARNEY
Year
Bat
Cat
Dog
Fox
Other Animals
1990
1/29
0/61
0/34
0/1
0/14
1991
4/40
1/85
1/54
1/4
0/19
1992
2/29
0/98
0/54
0/4
0/54
1993
2/43
1/96
0/34
4/10
0/59
1994
10/47
0/88
0/58
3/7
0/78
1995
3/47
0/98
0/61
5/5
0/159
1996
3/48
0/51
0/33
0/5
0/58
1997
14/116
1/83
0/52
0/6
0/45
1998
6/95
0/95
0/56
0/3
0/49
1999
11/115
1/95
0/45
0/1
1/47 (Cow)
2000
8/73
0/79
0/56
1/4
0/4
2001
4/59
0/67
0/46
0/1
0/41
2002
12/134
0/102
0/27
2/4
0/29
2003
6/61
0/75
0/36
1/5
0/39
2004
7/88
0/105
0/42
0/2
0/27
2005
8/83
0/100
0/48
0/1
0/23
2006
23/126
0/72
0/26
2/4
0/41
2007
12/153
0/80
0/33
0/1
0/26
Totals
1990-2007
136/1386
9.8%
4/1530
0.26%
1/798
0.12%
19/68
28%
1/812
0.1%
Prevention or PEP
• Preexposure vaccination is recommended for
persons in high-risk groups, such as
veterinarians, animal handlers, and certain
laboratory workers.
• Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is
indicated for persons possibly exposed
to a rabid animal. Possible exposures
include animal bites, or mucous
membrane contamination with infectious
tissue, such as saliva
Preexposure prophylaxis
regimen
• Preexposure prophylaxis consists
of three doses of rabies vaccine
given on days 0, 7, and 21 or 28.
Postexposure
prophylaxis regimen
•
In the United States, PEP consists of a regimen of one
dose of immune globulin and five doses of rabies
vaccine over a 28-day period.
• Rabies immune globulin and the first dose of rabies
vaccine should be given as soon as possible after
exposure.
• Additional doses of rabies vaccine should be given on
days 3, 7, 14, and 28 after the first vaccination. Current
vaccines are relatively painless and are given in your
arm, like a flu or tetanus vaccine
Rabies
Testing
Laboratory Diagnosis
Human Rabies, New York, 2000. Immunofluorescence
Staining of Rabies Nucleoprotein, Cerebellum, 160x.
Grey Matter
Molecular Layer
Purkinje Cells
Grey Matter
Granular Layer
RABIES LAB
WADSWORTH CENTER
NYS DOH
TRIMARCHI
Human Rabies, New York, 2000. Immunofluorescence
Staining of Rabies Nucleoprotein, Brainstem, 160x.
Clusters
of
intracytoplasmic
inclusions
disclose
nerve cell
bodies
RABIES LAB
WADSWORTH CENTER
NYS DOH
TRIMARCHI