Transcript Introductory Course Occupational Medicine

Introductory Course Occupational
Medicine
Conf.Dr. Brânduşa Constantin
THE WORK
 AN IMPORTANT SANOGENIC FACTOR
 GIVES
VALUE
} TO PEOPLE
NOBILITY
 ENOBLESS THE PERSON
(HEALTH)

AWARENESS OF HEALTHY LIFE IN
HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT
Definition
 medical specialty that studies the interrelation
between health and work
 medical branch = promoting a multidisciplinary
system of occupational safety and health
 Occupational Medicine is one of the major
disciplines that covers a broad spectrum of
different activities to protect and promote health.
Occupational hazards (OH)
 Represents factors of working conditions that
adversely affect the health of employees,
causing or promoting the disease, decreasing
work capacity and creating discomfort.
 Any work condition that exceeds the exposure
limits (tolerable or acceptable, according to
Occupational Medicine regulations) is an
occupational hazards.
OH belonging to irrational
work organization
 excessive duration of work (more than 7-8h/day)
 work pace: fast and long,
 non physiological regime of work and rest (work
- physiological breaks)
 prolonged static effort,
 vicious positions, tense or prolonged work
 Inappropriate alternance of shifts (night shift).
 High intensity effort generates occupational
diseases (overload disease):
 musculoskeletal (arthritis, rheumatoid,
epicondylitis, bursitis),
 neuropsychological (neurasthenia, neurosis
coordination) or
 sensorial (accommodative asthenopia,
nystagmus).
Occupational hazards belonging to the
working environment
 Physical hazards:
 Noise causes
 hearing loss or
 professional deafness
 Industrial hot environment causes:
 heat syncope
 heat shock,
 occupational vibration
 vibration disease
 Raynaud's syndrome
 Physical-chemical hazards:
 mineral dust causes
 collagen and non collagen pneumoconiosis
 textile dust causes:
 occupational asthma
 bisinosis
Chemical hazards:
 metals and their compounds causes
 acute or chronic poisoning: chronic poisoning with lead)
poisoning with Cr, Cd, Mn
 irritating gases and vapors (Cl, F, S, NH3, NO3)
causes
 airway irritation syndromes
 acute toxic pulmonary edema,
 chronic bronchiolitis,
 organic compounds (aromatic hydrocarbons,
chlorinated, ketones, aldehydes),
 organophosphorus and organochlorine
pesticides etc.
 Biological hazards:
 Infectious and parasitary diseases: leptospirosis, tetanus,
HBV, brucellosis
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS BELONGING TO MANMACHINE RELATION
 The relationship between man and machine can lead to
intense non physiological working positions, attention
overload, exposure to noise, vibration, toxic agents. Human
adaptation to the machine is very important (in ergonomics
terms).
WORK RELATED DISEASES
High blood pressure
OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS
Noise, vibration, temperature, high caloric radiation
Chronic nonspecific respiratory Dust, irritant gases
diseases
Ischemic heart disease
High physical and mental demands
Musculoskeletal disorders
Unfavourabile environment, vibration,
(back pain, cervical and brahial high physical effort, inadequate work positions
pain)
Neurosis
and
other Noise, vibrations, chemical agents, distress
neuropsychiatric disorders
Digestive disorders
High temperature,noise, chemicals