Transcript the big 3 - GlobalHealthAtBrown

AIDS
8, 493
deaths per day
3.1 million
deaths per year (2004 WHO estimates)
• More than 90% of those infected with HIV/AIDS
live in developing countries and contracted the
disease through heterosexual activity
• About 70% of the global total of 42 million HIV
infected people live in Sub-Saharan Africa,
although the region contains only 11% of the
total global population
Malaria
2,959
deaths a day worldwide
1.1 million
deaths in 2000 (WHO estimates)
• 40% of the world’s population or 2.2. billion
people, in over 100 countries with warm, humid
climates are at risk
• 90% of malaria deaths occur in Sub-Saharan
Africa, mostly among young children
Tuberculosis
4,384 deaths
a day worldwide
1.6 million deaths in 2000 (WHO estimates)
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Poorly supervised health services, the spread of HIV/AIDS and the
emergence of multi-drug resistant TB have adds to the impact
2 billion people worldwide are carriers of the bacterium that can lead to
active TB. Left untreated, each person with active TB infects an average of
10 to 15 people a year.
99% of TB suffers live in developing countries and 80% of these cases
occur in 22 countries, including India, China, Indonesia, Nigeria, Russia,
Peru, and Ethiopia
Global trade, air travel and movement of refugees have contributed to the
spread of disease. In the US, 40% of cases occur in foreign-born people
The Case of Cuba
• Population: 11.2 million
• HIV prevalence rate:
.05%
• Socialist, single-party
state lead by Fidel
Castro
• Universal health
coverage, well defined
and well-funded public
health sphere
• Development of generic
drugs (provided free of
charge)
• Talk about prevention!National AIDS Program
created in 1983, 3 years
before it’s first detected
AIDS case
Classic Public Health Response to
Epidemic
• HIV patients quarantined indefinitely
• Contact testing and tracing
• Routine testing of Cubans who visited
Africa or who were pregnant
• Close medical surveillance
• Comprehensive education and outreach
programs
Success or human rights violators?
• At what point should the right to privacy
and secrecy leave off and the assumption
of larger social responsibilities begin?
• Individual liberty, privacy, free speech, and
free choice are cherished values in any
democratic society but they are sometimes
invoked to obstruct social policies that
favor universal healthcare, social welfare,
and equal opportunity.
AIDS- what can be done
$14
Condoms
A year’s supply per person
• Reported use of condoms in Thailand’s brothels increased to more
than 90% in 1994 from 14% in 1989; the same period STDs among
men dropped by more than 90%
Community Education
• Experts believe that health education messages were a factor in
Zambia’s reduction of HIV-infected females (ages 15-19) from 28%
in the last 5 years
Malaria- What can be done
$4
Bed nets
6-month supply
• In coastal Kenya, mass distribution of bed nets
in 1999 decreased malaria cases by more than
80% from 1998
12 ¢
Anti-malarial tablet
Per tablet
• 1 in 2 deaths could be prevented
TB- What can be done
$10
TB medicine
6-month supply
• In Peru, 94% of TB patients received full treatment in
1998 compared with 50% in 1990, preventing an
estimated 70,000 deaths
$1
Sputum-smear exam
per exam
• Cost-effective way to detect infectious TB and prevent
the spread of the disease