Transcript lab-1-introduction

The goal of the laboratory is to expose students to the
wide variety of life in the microbial world.
 Although the study of microbiology includes bacteria,
viruses, algae and protozoa, this lab will concentrate
primarily on the bacteria.
 Bacteria
are
unicellular
prokaryotic
microorganisms that divide by binary fission,
a process by which one bacterium splits into
two.
 Less than 10 % of all bacteria cause
disease, many others are completely
harmless, some bacteria even do good things
for us, such as turn milk into cheese.
 Bacteria often get a bad reputation as most
people tend to associate bacteria with
disease because some of them cause disease
and some others are opportunistic; that is,
they can cause disease in an ill or injured
person.
 Many bacteria cannot even live at the
temperatures found in and on the human
body.
Bacteria
Are everywhere!
 On every surface of the body,
 Including digestive tract,
Harmless
Beneficial
Pathogenic
Absorb nutrients and release toxins that damage cells
and tissues.
Bacterial toxins can cause disease even when bacteria
are destroyed.
GENERAL LAB. SAFETY RULES
 In the microbiology laboratory infectious
processed as many of the microorganisms
course may be pathogenic for humans .
materials are
used in this
.
 Also the materials found, such as glass equipment, biological
agents and chemicals can pose safety hazards to you if you do
not follow laboratory protocols.
 As a result, certain rules are necessary to prevent the spread
of infectious agents, the possibility of infecting yourself or
other people and to prevent contamination of specimen with
environmental microorganisms.
The following laboratory safety rules must be followed :
All health-care workers should routinely use appropriate
barrier precautions to prevent skin and mucous-membrane
exposure when contact with blood or other body fluids of
any patient
 Safety in a microbiology laboratory starts with
protecting yourself :
.
cover long hair or keep it tied up and
out of way.
Always wearing closed shoes.
Wearing personal protective equipment (coat, gloves,
eye protection; glasses may be preferred to
contact lenses).
Never applying cosmetics, or placing objects
(fingers, pencils) in the mouth or touching the face.
Never eating, drinking or chewing gum in the
laboratory.
 For working :
Washing hands prior and after lab working with
 water and soap.
Keep the lab bench free of unnecessary materials.
Disinfecting lab benches prior to and at the conclusion of
each lab session.
Good lab practice, including methods for aseptic transfer,
returning materials to proper locations, proper care and
handling of equipment, and Keeping the bench top clear of
extraneous materials.
Dispose all contaminated materials in autoclave bags
and proper disposal of other different types of waste.
The coats should be kept separately from other
things in your bag.
Reporting all injuries, accidents, spills and broken
glassware to the instructor and receiving instructions
for cleanup.
Always using appropriate pipetting devices and
understanding that mouth pipetting is forbidden.
Using universal precautions posted in the lab and see
inside front cover of this laboratory manual.
Safety for dealing with specimen:
 Blood and other body fluids from all patients should be
considered infective.
 All health-care workers should take precautions to prevent
injuries caused by needles, scalpels, and other sharp
instruments or devices during procedures.
 To prevent needle stick injuries, needles should not be
recapped.
Avoid contaminating the outside of the container.
All specimens should be put in a well-constructed
container with a secure lid to prevent leaking during
transport.
After they are used, disposable syringes and
needles, scalpel blades, and other sharp items should
be placed in puncture-resistant containers for
disposal.
Decontamination of small &
moderate spills
 Notify other workers in the area of the spill
and control traffic through area.
 Wear shoe covers and safety goggles, if spill is on floor
may have splashed beyond immediate area of spill.
 Put on gloves and cover spill area with paper
towels.
 Pour disinfectant over towels from edges of
spill to center, be carefully not to splatter.
 Decontaminate all objects in spill area.
 Allow 30 minutes of contact time.
Pick up any sharps, including broken glass with
forceps and place in sharps container.
Use squeegee and dustpan to recover any shards
of broken glass in contaminated liquid.
Decontaminate squeegee and dustpan.
Wipe area with disinfectant and clean paper
towels and put in biohazard bag.
Mop if spill is in floor.
Remove gloves and shoes cover before removing
area of the spill, put on biohazard bag.
Wash hands.
Decontamination of large spills :
Evacuate room, close doors, prevent others from entering and
wait 30 minutes for aerosols to settle.
Follow previous procedure for small and moderate spills.
Notes
Students are not permitted to enter without a staff member
being present in the laboratory.
No personal objects are allowed in working benches.
Each student will have a workplace in a group at the beginning
of the semester and will keep it until the end of the semester
so, each student must follow up its own workplace, keeping it
tidy and orderly.
Lab requirements
Lab coat
Matches or lighter
Soap
Waterproof permanent marker
Small or medium size towel
Sealable plastic bag
Rubber band
General Microbiology Manual
INSTRUMENTS IN MICROBIOLOGY LAB.
Incubators
Autoclave
Anaerobic jar
Candle jar
Benzene Burner
Nichrome Loop
Anaerobic station
Safety Cabinet
Good luck ..