Transcript Respiratory Diseases

Normal Lung Tissue
Name some diseases that affect
the respiratory system:
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Asthma
Bronchitis
Lung cancer
COPD
Emphysema
Pneumonia
Pleuritis
Common cold
Allergies
Common Infections of the lungs
Common Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract:
Common Infections of the lungs
Common Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract:
1. Colds – caused by viruses
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symptoms may include a mild fever, cough,
headache, runny nose, sneezing, and sore throat
Common Infections of the lungs
Common Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract:
2. Laryngitis
– is an inflammation of your voice box (larynx) due to
overuse, irritation or infection.
– Normally your vocal cords open and close smoothly,
forming sounds through their movement and vibration.
– But in laryngitis, your vocal cords become inflamed or
irritated. This swelling causes distortion of the sounds
produced by air passing over them.
– As a result, your voice sounds hoarse. In some cases of
laryngitis, your voice can become so faint as to be
undetectable.
Larynx
Common Infections of the lungs
Common Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract:
3. Tonsillitis
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Tonsillitis is an infection or inflammation of the tonsils .
The tonsils are balls of lymphatic tissue on both sides of
the throat, above and behind the tongue. They are part
of the immune system, which helps the body fight
infection
Common Infections of the lungs
Common Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract:
4. Sinusitis
– is infection or inflammation of the lining of the sinus cavities.
– These are hollow spaces in your cheeks and around your
eyes.
– Sinus infections often follow a cold and cause pain and
pressure in your head and face.
Common Infections of the lungs
Common Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract:
- Bronchitis
- Asthma
- Pneumonia
- SARS
- Emphysema
- Lung cancer
Pneumonia
• is an inflammation of the lungs that usually occurs
because of bacterial or viral infection.
• Pneumonia causes fever and inflammation of lung tissue
• This makes breathing difficult because the lungs have to
work harder to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream and
remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
• Common causes of are
influenza and infection with the
bacterium Streptococcus
pneumoniae.
SARS
SARS -is a Coronavirus
SARS
Asthma
•Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes airways to tighten
and narrow.
•Often triggered by irritants in the air such as cigarette smoke, asthma flares
involve contraction and swelling of the muscles lining the tiny airways.
• The resulting narrowing of the airways prevents air from flowing properly,
causing wheezing and difficulty breathing, sometimes to the point of being lifethreatening.
Normal
Asthma
Emphysema
• Emphysema is an
enlargement of air
spaces caused by
destruction of alveolar
walls.
• Main cause is
smoking
Emphysema
normal
emphysema
Lung cancer
Caused by an abnormal growth of cells in
the lungs
87% of lung cancer cases are
caused by smoking –American Lung
Association
Pleuritis
• Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura (a two-ply
membrane that both encloses the lung and lines the
chest cavity)
• Causes painful respiration.
• Can be generated by a variety of infectious an noninfectious causes.
Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System
asthma
bronchitis
severe allergic reaction
characterized by the
constriction of bronchioles
inflammation of the lining of
the bronchioles
emphysema
condition in which the alveoli
deteriorate, causing the lungs
to lose their elasticity
pneumonia
condition in which the alveoli
become filled with fluid,
preventing the exchange of
gases
lung cancer
irregular & uncontrolled
growth of tumors in the lung
tissue