Transcript The Kingdom Protista

The Kingdom
Protista
Chapter 20
What is a Protist?

Any organism that is not
a plant, an animal, a
fungus, or prokaryote.

Are eukaryotes that are
not members of the
kingdoms, Plantae,
Animalia, or Fungi
Classification of Protists

Protists are so diverse that many
biologists suggest that they should be
broken up into several kingdoms.

Unfortunately, biologist do not agree on
how to classify the protists.
Classification of Protists
Section 20-1
Protists
are classified by
Animallike
Plantlike
which
which
which
Take in food from
the environment
Produce food by
photosynthesis
Obtain food by
external digestion
Funguslike
which include
Decomposers
Parasites
Animallike Protists: Protozoans

4 phyla of the animallike protists Distinguished from one another by their
means of movement
 Zooflagellates-move
by flagella ex.
Trychonympha(termite), Trypanosoma(Tse
Tse Fly)
 Sarcodines-move by pseudopods ex. amoeba
 Ciliates-move by cilia ex. paramecium
 Sporozoans-no movement, parasites ex.
plasmodium
Zooflagellates





Animallike protists that swim
using a flagella
Most have 1-2 flagella
Live in lakes & streams,
where they absorb nutrients
from decaying matter
Some live within bodies of
other organisms, taking
advantage of the food from
larger organisms
Can reproduce by asexual
and sexual reproduction
Sarcodines



Move via temporary
cytoplasmic
projections known as
pseudopods
Amoebas
Surround food and
form a food vacuole
Amoeba
Contractile vacuole
Pseudopods
Nucleus
Food vacuole
Ciliates



Contain short hairlike
projections called cilia
Use cilia for feeding &
movement
Found in both fresh &
salt water
Ciliates
Trichocysts
Lysosomes
Oral groove
Gullet
Anal pore
Contractile vacuole
Micronucleus
Macronucleus
Food vacuoles
Cilia
Sporozoans

Do not move on their
own & are parasitic
Animallike Protists & Disease
Malaria
 African sleeping sickness
 Amebic dysentery

Malaria



One of the world’s most serious infectious
disease
2 million people still die from malaria every year
Carried by the female Anopheles mosquito
Cycle of Malaria (pg. 503)
Symptoms & Treatment of Malaria




Severe chills
Fever
There are a number of vaccines against malaria
but to date most are only partially effective
Controlling mosquitoes is the best method to
controlling malaria
African Sleeping Sickness


Zooflagellates of the genus Trypanosoma
Spread by the bite of an insect known as the
tsetse fly
Symptoms
Begin to show 1 to 4 weeks after bite
 Chills
 Rashes
 Infect nerve cells: severe damage causes
some individuals to lose consciousness,
lapsing into a deep and sometimes fatal
sleep

Treatment
Hospitalization
 Medications
 Follow-ups for 2 years

Amebic Dysentery





Common in areas with poor sanitation
Severe diarrhea
Caused by an organism that looks like the
harmless amoebas
Entamoeba, a parasite spread by contaminated
drinking water
Attacks the wall of the intestine, causing
extensive bleeding
Amebic Dysentery




Can also occur in the crystal-clear mountain
streams
Caused by another flagellated pathogen, Giardia
Giardia produces tough, microscopic-size cysts
that can be killed only be boiling water
thoroughly or by adding iodine to the water
Causes severe diarrhea and digestive system
problems.
Ecology of Animallike Protists

Essential roles in the living world
 Live
symbiotically with other organisms
 Recycle nutrients by breaking down dead
organic matter
 Live in seas and lakes & are a part of the food
chain
Trichonympha
Zooflagellate that lives within the digestive
systems of termites
 Makes it possible for termites to eat wood
 Termites do not have an enzyme to
breakdown wood
 The Trichonympha does it for them

Homework

Guided Reading Worksheets
 20-1
 20-2

Due Wednesday, February 16th
Plant-Like Protists

Commonly called Algae

Contain chlorophyll and carries out
photosynthesis
Unicellular Algae-classified by
pigments

Phylum Euglenophyta
2

flagella but no cell wall
Phylum Chrysophyta
 Gold-colored

chloroplast
Phylum Bacillariophyta
 Called
diatoms
 Cell walls contain silicon

Phylum Pyrrophyta
 Called
dinoflagellates
Draw a Euglena

see p. 507, Figure 20-10)
Ecology of Unicellular Algae

Make up most of phytoplankton
 Small photosynthetic organisms near
surface of ocean
 ½ of all photosynthesis on Earth is
performed by the algae
 Source of nourishment for small fish
Algal Blooms and “Red Tides
Help recycle sewage and fertilizer
 Grow too much, deplete nutrients, die, rid
water of oxygen, choke out fish life
 Can produce toxins, eaten by clams and
shellfish, eaten by humans and cause
death

Multicellular Algae (mostly)

Phylum Rhodophyta
 Red Algae

Phylum Phaeophyta
 Brown Algae

Phylum Chlorophyta
 Green Algae
Draw Brown Algae

see p. 511, Figure 20-15
Reproduction

Alternation of Generations
 Life
cycle includes both haploid and diploid
generation
 Enables them to survive unfavorable
conditions
Analyzing Data
Pg. 508
 Questions 1-4

Fungus-Like Protists

Like fungi-absorb nutrients from dead or
decaying organic matter

Different from fungi-have centrioles and
lack chitin cell walls
Funguslike Phyla

Phylum Acrasiomycota
 Slime

mold
Phylum Myxomycota
 Acellular

slime mold
Phylum Oomycota
 Water
mold (white mold on dead fish)
The Great Potato Famine
Phytophthora infestans (Phylum
Oomycete) destroyed 60% of the potatoes
in Ireland in 1845
 Between 1845 and 1851 at least one
million Irish people died of starvation or
disease
 One million Irish emigrated to the U.S. and
other countries

Homework

Guided Reading Worksheets
 20-3
 20-4
 20-5
 Preparing

for TAKS pg. 525 1-4
Due Friday, February 18th