Transcript Ch 19: Diversity of Protists

Ch 19: Diversity of Protists
Kingdom Protista
 Eukaryotes that are not animals,
plants or fungi. They share some but
not all of the features of plants,
animals, and fungi.
 They can be single celled or multi
cellular, microscopic or large
Types of Protists
 Divided into three broad categories:
 Animal-like protists
 Plant-like protists
 Fungus-like protists
Animal-like Protists
 Also known as Protozoa
 Unicellular but move around, consume
other organisms, and have no chloroplasts
Protozoa with Flagella
 Zooflagellates- have one
or more flagella
 Flagella are tail-like
structures that help
unicellular organisms swim
 Heterotrophic
 Over 2000 species of
zooflagellates exist.
Protozoa with Pseudopods
 - Means fake foot
 Temporary extension of cytoplasm and
cell membrane that helps protozoa
move and feed
 **Amoebas are protists with pseudopods
Protozoa with Cilia
 Ciliates have cilia- short,
hair-like structures that
cover some or all of the
cell surface
 Help cell swim or capture
food
 Over 8000 species of ciliates
 **Example = Paramecium
Some Cause Infectious Diseases
 Phylum Apicomplexa includes 4000 parasitic species
 Malaria is an example of a disease caused by
protozoan Plasmodium
 Malaria results in fever, vomiting, kidney and liver
malfunction, and if not treated coma and death
 Giardia
 Caused by Giardia zooflagellate
 Causes intestinal disease from drinking water
contaminated with feces of infected animals
Plant-like Protists
 Single celled or multicellular
 Don’t have roots,
stems, leaves,
specialized tissues
 Examples:
 Phytoplankton = single
celled (provide about
1/2 of the oxygen in the
atmosphere)
 Volvox= live in colonies
 Mulit-cellular include
seaweeds and kelps
Algae
 Photosynthetic plantlike protist
 Green, brown and red algae
Algal Blooms
 A. Caused by large input of a limiting
nutrient
 (due to runoff from fertilized fields)
 the result is an increase in the
amount of algae and other
producers.
 Green, yellowish-brown, or red
color
 B. More nutrients available = more
producers can grow and reproduce.
This sudden increase in producers can
disrupt the equilibrium of ecosystems
 (throw them off balance)
Algal Blooms
 C. Why are they harmful?
 As more algae and plants
grow, others die.
 This dead matter = food for
bacteria that decompose it.
 With more food available,
the bacteria increase in
number and use up the
oxygen in the water.
 Oxygen supply decreases and
many fish and aquatic insects
cannot survive.
 This results in a dead area.
Diversity of Plantlike Protists
 Euglena- large single-cells that swim with
the aid of 1 or 2 flagella
 Can have animal and plant features
 Pellicle (flexible covering on their cell surface that
allows cell to change shape)
 Dinoflagellates- single cells (90% marine
plankton)
 2 flagella (one in front and one in back)
 Some are bioluminescent
 Produce light through a series of chemical reactions
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5ESHXKGBvA
Red Tides
 D. Harmful algal blooms in oceans that
cause harm through the production of toxins
Diatoms
 tiny single celled algae covered in
patterned glasslike shells
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
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