Transcript Public Health Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology

Public Health
Preventive Medicine
and Epidemiology
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohammed
MB, ChB. MPH, Dr P.H
Prof. of Epidemiology
College of Medicine
King Saud University
What is
Public
Health?
Public Health
Organized efforts of society to
• Protect,
• Promote
People’s Health
• Restore
It is the combination of
• science,
• skills
• beliefs
that is directed to the maintenance and
improvement of the health of all people
through collective or social actions.
• The mission of Public Health is to
“fulfill society’s interest in assuring
conditions in which people can be
healthy”
• “Health care is vital to all of us
some of the time, but public health
is vital to all of us all of the time”
Who is responsible for
conducting Health Public
services?
Who is responsible?
Ministry of Health
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Other governmental agencies
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community participation
What are the essential
public health functions?
Essential Public Health
Functions
I- Monitoring, Evaluation and Analysis of
Health Status.
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Health situation.
Trends & their determinants.
Population health needs.
Vital statistics.
Performance of health services.
Identification of resources.
Management of information.
II-Public Health surveillance, Research
and Control Risks & Threats to Public
Health.
• Infrastructure to conduct population
screening, case finding and general
epidemiological research.
• Public health lab. (high volume of tests)
• Epidemiological surveillance and control
of communicable diseases.
• Links with international networks.
III-Health promotion
• Culture of Health (lifestyle &
environment).
• Intrsectoral partnership.
• Assessment of impact of Public
Policies on health.
• Reorientation of health services.
IV- Social participation in
health.
• Strengthen the power of civil
society & NGOs.
• Community participation.
V- Development of policies
&institutional capacity for regulation
and enforcement in public health.
• Definition of national and subnational public health objectives.
• Development of competencies for
Evidence –based decision making.
VI- Strengthening of institutional
capacity for planning & management in
public health.
• Enforcement of frameworks that
protect public health & monitor
compliance within these
frameworks.
• Generate new laws and regulations
to improve public health.
• Protect consumers.
VII- Valuation & Promotion of
Equitable Access to Necessary
Health Services.
• Equity of access by civil society to
necessary health services.
• Link vulnerable groups to necessary
health services.
• Monitor & evaluate private
providers.
• Ensure collaboration with
governmental & non-governmental
institutions.
VIII- Human Resources Development
& Training in Public Health.
• Development of public health
workforce.
• Education & training of public
health personnel.
• Public Health education of all
students.
• Bioethics training.
IV- Quality Assurance in personal
and population-based services.
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Development of standards.
Promotion of quality.
Users’ rights.
Health technology assessment.
Users’ satisfaction
X- Research in Public Health.
• To increase knowledge to support
decision makers.
• To innovate solutions for health
problems.
• To cooperate with scientific
agencies.
XI- Reduction of the impact of
emergencies & disasters on
health
• Plans for disasters control.
• Early response and rehabilitation.
What is preventive
Medicine?
Preventive Medicine
• It is a specialized field of medical
practice. It is concerned with
application of preventive measures
within all areas of clinical medicine.
What are the
requirements and skills
needed for a preventive
medicine physician?
Requirements:
• Knowledge of basic clinical skills
common to all physicians.
• Knowledge and competence in:
• Biostatistics
• Epidemiology
• Planning and organization
• Management
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Financing
Evaluation of health programs
Environmental Health
Health education
Nutrition
Others
What are the levels of
prevention?
Levels of preventions
Primary prevention
Protection of health by personal and
community wide effects from
diseases and disabilities.
e.g. immunization, physical fitness,
good nutrition …….etc.
Secondary prevention
Early detection
Prompt and effective
intervention
Tertiary prevention
• Reduction or elimination of long
term impairment.
• Rehabilitation
What are the uses of
Epidemiology
Uses of Epidemiology
1-Community diagnosis:
What are the major health problems
occurring
in a community?
2-Establishing the history of a disease in
a population
e.g. identifying the periodicity of an
infectious disease.
3-Describing the natural history of
disease
e.g. natural history of HIV infection in
the individual (infection acute
symptoms- asymptomatic phase- clinical
disease- death).
4-Describing the clinical picture of the
disease
Who gets the disease?
Who dies from the disease?
What is the outcome of the disease?
5-Estimating the risk.
What factors increase the risk of
heart diseases, road
accidents, violence?
6-Identifying syndromes and
precursors
relationship of hypertension to
stroke, kidney disease,
heart disease.
7-Evaluating prevention /
intervention programs.
8- Investigating epidemics and
diseases of unknown etiology.
Thank you