Transcript Integrated Pest Management

Integrated Pest Management
What is a Pest?
• Animal that causes injury or loss to a plant
– Insect
– Rodent
– Nematodes (worms), not earthworm
– Snails/Slugs
– Other mammals including deer and raccoons
What is a Disease?
• A negative effect cause by
– Virus
– Bacteria
– Fungus
Weeds
• Any plant growing where it is not wanted
– Causes competition
– Unsightly
– Can harbor other pests and diseases
Can a rose be a weed?
Insects
• Reproduce quickly and have lots of
offspring.
• This leads to pesticide resistance
There are two different types of
mouthparts
Chewing:
Colorado Potato Beetle
Sucking:
Pea Aphids
Hornworm Caterpillar
Whiteflies
Insects can effect plants in two
different stages of life
• Immature
• Adult
Insects go through metamorphosis
• Complete
• Incomplete
Complete
Incomplete
Plant disease
• Also known as a pathogen
– Infectious: Caused by a living thing such as
virus, fungi and bacteria.
– Noninfectious: (not pathogens) Caused by
non living things in the environment such as
overwatering, nutrient deficiencies, air
pollution.
Disease Triangle
Take away one of the factors in the triangle and the
disease cannot attack.
Weeds
• Broadleaf: Weeds that have big leaves
such as dandelions.
• Grass weeds: Weeds that look like grass,
i.e. crabgrass
Weeds
Annual: die every year
Perennial: Come back every year like a tree
Biennial: Plant lives for two years
Weeds
• Parasitic plants: Mistletoe
What is Integrated Pest
Management (IPM)
• Pest management strategy that uses
multiple ways to control pests in a
responsible and economical way.
• BMP (Best Management Practice)
– Use science and practical methods to
optimize crops and minimize environmental
impact
Components of IPM
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Initial Information Gathering
Monitoring
Establishing Injury Levels
Record-Keeping
Least Toxic Treatments
Evaluation
• http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/specproj/h2o/
workbook/appendix/page111-115.html
IPM
• Studies show that multiple control
methods are essential.
– Resistance to methods is possible
– Similar to antibiotics resistance
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znnpIvj2ek
Refuge Field
Economical Injury Level/
Economic Threshold
• BIG IDEA: Find a balance between the
management cost and the crop loss cost
Aesthetic Injury Level
• Significant loss to the plant’s beauty
requires control
Scouting
• Searching the crop/landscape for pest
damage and pests.
– What would you look for??
Treatment Strategies
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Design of Landscape/Structure
Habitat Modifications
Human Behavior Changes
Biological Controls
Physical/Cultural Controls
Chemical Controls
IPM Solutions
• Sanitation: Keep it clean
– Remove weeds
– Insects and disease can be found in left over
plant material and weeds
– Remove plants from last year if possible
IPM Solutions
• Physical/cultural controls: these physically
prevent the problems from getting to the plants.
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Don’t let them in
Remove bad plants
Promote healthy growth
Good air circulation
Physical removal
Monitor/Scout
• Use sticky traps
IPM Solutions
• Biological Control
– Microbial, Parasitic, or Predators
• Microbial
– Whitefly, caterpillar and aphids can be
controlled with bacteria
– The bacteria is a natural disease of those
insects. It is like germ warfare
IPM Solutions
• Biological Control – Parasitic
– Wasps lay their eggs in the whitefly larvae
and eat them from the inside out
Encarsia formosa
IPM Solutions
• Biological Control –Predatory
– Beetle attacking whitefly
– Mite killing thrips
– Lady bugs eating aphids
– Snakes, hawks, cats eating mice
Make sure you don’t kill beneficial insects
IPM Solution
• Chemicals
– Know as pesticides (insecticide, rodenticide,
molluscicide, fungicide, herbicide)
– Used safely
– Used only when needed
Benefits of IPM
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Lower pesticide costs
Save time and labor costs
Less disease/pests/weed/resistance
Less impact on the environment
Less cancer causing chemicals
Conclusion
• Integrated Pest Management (IPM) uses
all available methods to control pests
• A healthy environment and healthy plant
leads to less diseases and pests.