Transcript Baroque Instrumental Music

Baroque Instrumental Music
Higher
Basso Continuo
• Most Distinguishing features
• Continually played throughout music
• Bass line – Cello, or bassoon
• Chord playing instrument – harpsichord,
organ or lute
• Improvise chords
• Filling out Harmonies
This contrast of small group to
large group and one thematic
group against another is very
characteristic of Baroque
ideology — similar to terraced
dynamics where the idea is
significant contrast
Concerto
Grosso
• Italian for big concert
• Musical material is passed between 2
sections
• Concertino (soloist group)
• Ripieno (full orchestra)
Concerto Grosso
Ripieno
Concertino
Trumpet
Recorder
Violin
Oboe
Strings
Continuo
Ritornello
• A recurring passage
• Always played by tutti (full orchestra)
• Often heard in different keys
• Most common in solo concerto
Tutti
Solo
Tutti
Solo
Tutti
Suite
• A collection of pieces of music – dances
• Instrumental or Orchestral
• Usually in the same key
Fugue
To fully
understand
Fugue we will
need to do more
work on this.
• Contrapuntal piece
• Based on a theme (Subject)
• Subject is imitated throughout piece
• Exposition exposes Subject
• Subject is played in Dominant (Answer)
• Episode is music between playings of
Subject
Passacaglia
• Based on variations over a ground bass
• 3/4 time
• Usually in a minor key
Chaconne
• Based on variations over a short chord
progression
• Usually in a major key
Chorale Prelude
• Based on a Chorale melody
• Organ
• May contain Theme and Variation
• Homophonic
Chorale Prelude Continued…
• Example: Look at A, this is the melody of the
Chorale ‘Wachet Auf’
• Now look at B, this is built up from the idea
given in the original Chorale and is now a piece
for organ – A Chorale Prelude.
Overture
• Signalled opening of Opera and Oratorio
• Orchestral work
Ornaments
Listen
Acciaccatura
• A crushed dissonant
note of the shortest
possible duration
played before or after
the main note or
chord and
immediately released.
Appoggiatura
• A musical ornament
(chiefly from the 18
century) of an auxiliary
note falling or rising to a
harmonised note. There
are two possible ways of
writing this as you can see
from the examples below.
Trill
• Rapid and repeated
movement between
two adjacent notes
Turn
• Four notes which
turn round the main
note with the note
itself, the note above
the note itself, the
note below.
Mordent
• An ornament or grace
note consisting of a single
rapid alternation of the
principal note, a note a
semitone lower and the
note itself.
• There is also an inverted
mordent.
The principal note, a note
a semitone higher and the
note itself.
Texture
Contrapuntal – is the term used to describe the texture of much
Baroque music. ‘contra’ means against, and you will find the
various parts of the music moving ‘against’ each other.
Contrapuntal music has two or more melodies played at the
same time. They will however, still harmonise.
Polyphonic – means many sounds and is another way of
describing music which has more than one melody which fit
together.
Homophonic – is the opposite of polyphonic.
Homophonic music has one main tune, which is accompanied
by bass and harmony parts.