Transcript Smoking – another public health issue

Test your knowledge about smoking…..
True or False: Alzheimer’s Disease is caused by smoking?
False, but some studies suggest that the risk of
developing Alzheimer’s Disease is 50 % higher in
smokers than in non-smokers.
True or False: When inhaled in cigarette
smoke, nicotine reaches the brain faster
than drugs that enter the body
intravenously.
True: Studies show that that nicotine is highly
addictive, and is similar to heroin and
cocaine. This is because nicotine is absorbed
into the body very quickly.
True or False: Arsenic and acetone are
not found in cigarette smoke.
False: Yes, it does as well as about 4,800
other chemicals, 69 of which are
carcinogenic. When inhaled, a cigarette
burns at 700C at the tip and about 60C
in the core, which breaks down the
tobacco to produce toxins.
True or False: One in five people in the world
over the age of 15 smoke.
False: It’s one in three. According to the
WHO, approximately 1.1 billion people
smoke worldwide, most of whom (800
million) are in developing countries. In
China, approximately 63% of the men
smoke. Tobacco also causes 1 in 10 deaths
among adults worldwide.
True or False: Honey, chocolate and cocoa
butter are present in cigarettes.
True: Tobacco manufacturers add sweet
ingredients to tobacco to make it more
palatable. Chocolate and honey help
disguise the bitterness of nicotine. A
chemical in cocoa makes it easier to take in
bigger amounts of smoke, while cocoa
butter reduces the harshness of smoking.
True or False: Brazil is the largest grower of
tobacco.
False: China is both the largest grower and the
biggest consumer of tobacco in the world. It
produced 2.51 million metric tons in 2005.
Brazil, India and USA are the next three
largest growers. European nations are the
largest importers of tobacco.
True or False: Two 'Marlboro Men' who
starred in the famous ads later died
from lung cancer.
True: Wayne McLaren and David
McLean both died from lung cancer.
McLaren later testified in favor of antismoking legislation.
True or False: Smoking helps to keep you
slim or help lose weight.
True: Smoking speeds up your
metabolism-- but it also causes body
fat to be redistributed in a way that
allows fat cells to be amassed in the
upper body.
What are the issues with tobacco?
 Direct health effects
 Indirect health effects – second hand smoke
 Health care costs
 Supporting big tobacco companies
 Others
Canadian Statistics
From the Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey
17% of Canadians (15 yrs. Or older) were smokers in 2010
vs. 18% in 2009
Rate of decline in smoking has slowed down – used to be
1 % per year but in the last 5 years, it is 0.4 %
Why do you think this is the case?
More statistics
 More men (22.6%) smoke than women (17.4%)
 Smoking rates for youth (15-19 yrs.) has declined to
12%
 3% of students in grades 6 to 9 smoke; 13% of those in
grades 10-12 smoke (up by 2% from 5 years ago)
Smoking and health
1. Smoking affect cilia in airways, which clean and
protect your lungs
 When cilia don’t do their job, infectious agents, dirts
and chemicals from cigarettes enter and stay in lungs
 Higher risk of chronic cough,
 chest infections, lung cancer
Health effects cont’d
 Permanent damage to alveoli – reduced ability for O2
and CO2 diffusion
 Leads to shortness of breath
 Coughing, spitting up mucous
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
 The list is long…….
Second hand smoke
What is it?
The smoke from a burning
cigarette, pipe or cigar, and also
the smoke exhaled by a smoker.
Cigarettes produce about 12 minutes of smoke but
smokers often just inhale 30 seconds worth; the rest
lingers in the air for others to breathe in.
Second hand smoke…..another quiz
Secondhand smoke is:
a) Smoke that is breathed out by the smoker
b) Pollution from smoke stacks and car exhaust
c) Smoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette
d) a and c
Second hand smoke is the combination of smoke
from the burning end of a cigarette (sidestream
smoke) and the smoke breathed out by the
smoker (mainstream smoke).
Children exposed to secondhand smoke are more likely
to have which of the following illnesses?
a) Ear infections
b) Severe and frequent asthma attacks
c) Bronchitis and pneumonia
d) All of the above
Children exposed to secondhand smoke are more likely to
get bronchitis and pneumonia, frequent and severe
asthma attacks, and ear infections. Secondhand smoke
causes lung problems, including coughing, too much
phlegm, wheezing, and breathlessness among schoolaged kids.
A healthy non-smoker must be exposed to secondhand
smoke for what amount of time before experiencing
negative health effects?
a) 5 minutes
b) 30 minutes
c) 3 hours
d) 8 hours
Within 5 minutes of being exposed, the primary artery
(aorta) for blood flow from the heart to the body
stiffens as much as it does for a smoker who smokes
one cigarette.
Second hand smoke cont’d
So why is second hand smoke not good for you?
It contains about 4000 chemicals including:
 Carbon monoxide (found in car exhaust)
 Ammonia (window cleaners)
 Cadmium (in batteries)
 Arsenic (rat poison)
Second-hand smoke…..
 Sore eyes, headaches, coughing, nausea, asthma
attacks, increased allergies and risk of bronchitis
 Long-term second-hand smoke – more likely to die
from heart problems and lung cancer
 Potential link to breast cancer
 >1000 Canadian die from second-hand smoke
What is in cigarettes?
Well – tobacco, which contains nicotine only a tiny
amount, more would kill you
Other chemicals:
Acetone, hydrogen cyanide,
napthalene, lead, butane, etc.
smoking combines these into
tar (sticks to everything
including the cilia in your airways)
Why the addiction?
Nicotine
Triggers the release of dopamine (calming, more alert)
With time, body adapts and the ‘buzz’ is less – crave for more
The more one smokes, the more nicotine to feel good
Withdrawal (as short as a few hours) – headaches,
depression, anger, sleeping problems….
Smoking is also a habit and then there is social pressure