Transcript 3 tcp/rer/3402/srv/batin - Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for

1st Regional Workshop:
Improving National and Regional Disease
Surveillance, Monitoring and Reporting Systems
Belgrade, Serbia, 15-19 July 2013
Aquaculture and aquatic
disease surveillance in Bosnia
and Herzegovina
Svjetlana Batinić - Nemet
E-mail: [email protected]
FAO Technical Cooperation Programme TCP/RER/3402
Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to
International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health
Aquacuture in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Bosnia and Herzegovina has a very favorable
geographical, climatic, hydrological and ecological
conditions and physico-chemical characteristics of
watercourses for intensive production of freshwater fish.
• BH hydro resources belong to basins of the Black and
Adriatic Sea
 20,000 km of rivers and streams (Sava - 355 km; Drina 346 km, Bosna - 308 km; Vrbas - 240 km; Una - 207 km)
 400 ha of lakes (Buško, Visegrad, Jablanica, Modrac)
 1400 ha of sea
Hidrology Map of B&H
Hidrology Map of B&H
• BiH has a long tradition for breeding the same species:
- 1892 – First Fishermen association in B&H
- 1894 – First Salmonid Fish farm “VRELO BOSNE”,Sarajevo
- 1902 – First Cyprinid Fish farm, Prijedor
• During 2003 the growing of aquaculture production start
to following more actively active involvement of the
veterinary profession.
• In 2012 there are 13 ciprinid, 57 salmonid and 2 marine
fish farms registered in BiH.
Aquacuture in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Veterinary Office of BiH has recognized the importance
of developing the fisheries sector and the potential for
export of fish and fish products to the EU market with the
aim of improving the overall agriculture in BiH.
• Since 2006 Bosnia and Herzegovina has approval for
export fish products in EU market.
Aquatic animal diseases
Fish diseases on OIE, EU and B&H lists
o OIE list
o EU list i B&H list
o B&H list
•
EHN
•
IHN
•
VHS
Exotic disease
•
SVC
•
IHN
•
EHN
•
VHS
•
KHV
•
EUS
•
ISA
•
ISA
•
Bonamia exitiosa
•
EUS
•
Marteilia refringens
•
Perkinsus marinus
•
Gyrodactilosis
•
Bonamia ostreae
•
Microcytos mackini
•
Red sea bream iridoviral
disease
•
White spot disease
•
Taura syndrome
Yellowhead disease
•
KHV
•
Bonamia exitiosa
•
•
Infection with
Infectious Salmon
anemia virus
•
Perkinsus marinus
•
Microcytos mackini
•
•
•
Oncorhynchus masou
virus disease
Viral encephalopathy and
retinopathy
(Directive 82/894/EEZ)
(Decision 28/11)
Non-exotic disease
•
VHS
•
IHN
Taura syndrome
•
ISA
•
Yellowhead disease
•
KHV
•
ENH
•
Bonamia ostreae
•
Marteilia refringens
•
White spot disease
Organizational framework of BiH
surveillance
STATE LEVEL
Ministry of Foreign
Trade & Economic
Relations
State Veterinary Office - SVOBiH
Border Veterinary Inspection
ENTITY LEVEL
Federal
Administration
for Inspection
Affairs;
Veterinary
Inspection of
the FBiH
Cantonal
Veterinary
Inspection
Ministry of Agriculture,
Water Management &
Forestry of the FBiH
Department of Agriculture,
Forestry & Water
Management of the Brčko
District
CANTONAL LEVEL
Cantonal Ministries of
Agriculture, Forestry &
Water Management or
Agriculture
Departments within
Cantonal Ministries of
Economy
MUNICIPALITY LEVEL
Municipality Veterinary
Services
Ministry of
Agriculture,
Forestry &
Water
Management of
the RS
Republic
Administration
for Inspection
Affairs;
Veterinary
Inspectorate of
the RS
Aquatic animal diseses surveillance
In cooperation with the competent authorities of the entities
extensive measures were taken to prepare the aquaculture
sector including:
• Registration of Farms;
• Preparation of missing legislation;
• Development of monitoring plans for viral fish diseases;
• Started with the implementation of Residue Monitoring
Plan;
• Nomination of National Reference Laboratory for
diagnostics of fish diseases (NRL);
• Conclusion of contract with the OIE/EU Reference
Laboratories.
Aquatic animal diseses surveillance
• On the proposal of State Veterinary Office of B&H
veterinary inspectors responsible for such surveillance
the registered farms has been nominated, and they were
responsible for the control of the implementation of
measures and health surveillance.
• Training of veterinary inspectors in the field of control
and monitoring of fish diseases has been carried out.
• Training of farm owners regarding the implementation
and control of HACCP in facilities has been carried out.
• Representatives of the fish farm have taken steps to
meet the conditions prescribed by the veterinary
legislation.
Beginning of monitoring
• In 2004 the monitoring of viral fish diseases (VHS, IHN,
SVC, ISA) was established at the state level in which
were included all registered fish farm in BiH, as well as
fish farm in the process of registration.
• Considering that it was the first comprehensive
monitoring in BiH, it represented a kind of screening of
health status.
• The base for the monitoring implementation in the
beginning was based on the provisions of the Ordinance
on measures for protection against infectious and
parasitic diseases and their implementation and funding
to the adoption of appropriate regulations prescribe
detailed manner of conducting the monitoring
Beginning of monitoring
• Inspectors responsible for ponds conducting
clinical inspection, and taking and sending of
relevant samples from registered ponds.
• Samples are taken and sent for analysis on the
basis of the measures prescribed by the
legislation in force, by the schemes, in the
manner and under the weather / temperature
conditions, which are taken from the EU
legislation.
National reference laboratory
• National reference laboratory for viral disease of
fish in Bosnia and Herzegovina is Department of
Aquaculture Veterinary Faculty in Sarajevo
• Methods of diagnosis for pathogens/diseases
are virus isolation in cell culture;
Legislation background
•
In 2005 began with the adoption of the necessary legislation for the
placing on the market live fish, crustaceans and molluscs, as well
as their products.
− Decision on the conditions to be met for slaughtering, processing,
refining and storage of products of animal origin („Official Gazette of
BiH” No. 27/05);
− Decision on animal health requirements imposed on facilities for
breeding, production and marketing of fish and fish products, and
crustaceans and crustacean products („Official Gazette of BiH” No.
4/05);
− Decision on animal health conditions that must be fulfilled for placing
on the market of live fish, crustaceans and molluscs, and products
derived from them;
• After the EU adopted new legislation that relates to the field of
aquaculture, in 2010 the SVO takes these new provisions (88/2006,
183/2001, 466/2003) and other relevant legislation in the field of
aquaculture.
Sampling Scheme for Salmonidae
•
•
•
•
In accordance with the Ordinance on measures for the control of infectious
and parasitic diseases of animals and their implementation and financing
prescribed the following:
During the year, conducted clinical and laboratory tests to exclude the
presence of zoonotic viral diseases of fish in accordance with the provisions
of Annex VII. and VIII. Regulations on animal health requirements
applicable to aquaculture animals and products thereof, and the prevention
and control of certain diseases in aquatic animals ("Official Gazette", No.
28/11) which is compliant with EU legislation.
Laboratory testing for the presence of the virus is carried by virus isolation
in cell culture.
In case of massive deaths and other changes, and that is found to be
caused by the above-mentioned diseases, doing additional research on
other diseases that these fish species can be affected. With the appearance
of cyto pathogenic effect (CPE) in cell culture when performing searches on
VHS and IHN, which was found to be a consequence of these viral
diseases, will be carried further virological tests for the presence of other
viral diseases of fish.
Sampling Scheme for Salmonidae –
Annex VII (ISA)
• In case of suspicion of the presence of the virus ISA is
determined zone:
a) zone with the infected area
b) surveillance zone
• To determine the prevalence and development of
disease after suspicion or confirmation of ISA on the fish
farm competent authority must on all farms located in
established zones implement the program of official
controls based on risk.
Sampling Scheme for Salmonidae –
Annex VIII (VHS and IHN)
• After establishing zones or farms in non-approved zones
in order to obtain or maintain the status of approved
zones or farms with regard to VHS and / or IHN.
• Clinical examination should be carried out in the period
from October to June or whenever the water temperature
drops below 14°C. When farms where clinical
examinations should be done twice a year, the interval
between inspections must be at least four months. All
production units (ponds, tanks, mesh cages, etc.) must
be inspected for the presence of dead or weak fish or
fish with unusual behavior. Special attention should be to
the area where runoff water because of the water
currents tend to accumulate weak fish.
Sampling Scheme for Salmonidae –
Annex VIII (VHS and IHN)
• Clinical medical examinations and sampling of fish tissue
and / or ovarian fluid that must be done in zones or
farms in non-approved zones in order to obtain or
maintain the status of approved zones or farms with
regard to VHS and IHN is carried out in accordance with
the scheme presented in tables 1 , 2 and 3
Sampling Scheme for Salmonidae –
Annex VIII (VHS and IHN)
• Zone or a farm in a non-approved zone, which is under the
supervision of the competent veterinary inspector can obtain
approved status zone or farms considering VHS and / or IHN
following one of these models:
a) Model A – two-year monitoring program:
After at least two years of absence of clinical or other signs of VHS and
/ or IHN, all farms in the zone or any farm in a non-approved zone,
which will be approved, must be over two years to be subjected to
medical examination twice a year.
b) Model B – two-year surveillance program with reduced sample
size:
After the completion of the official veterinary health control which has
proven the absence of VHS and / or IHN during at least four
previous years performance, all farms in the zone or any farm in a
non-approved zone that will be granted for two years must be
subjected to medical examination two times a year.
Table 1- Inspection and sampling for zones and for fish-farms in non-approved zones for the
two-year control period which precedes achivement of approved status for VHS and / or IHN
Number of clinical
inspectiones per year
(two years)
Number of laboratory
exeminations per
year (two years)
Laboratory exemination for presence of
virus1
(a) Farms with
broodstock
2
2
(b) Farms with
broodstock only
2
1
2
2
150 (first or second
inspection)
2
2
120 (first inspection)
150 (second inspection)
2
2
30 (first or second
inspection)4
0
2
150 (first or second
inspection)
0
Number of growth fish
(organ material)
Number of broodstock
fish (Ovarian fluid)
120 (first inspection)2
150(second inspection)
30 (first inspection)3
0 (second inspection)
Continental zones
and farms
(c) Farms without
broodstock
Costal zones and
farms
(a) Farms with
broodstock
(b) Salmonid farms
without broodstock
(c) Non-salmonid
farms without
broodstock
2
0
150 (first or second
inspection)3
0
30 (first inspection)3
0 (second inspection)
Maximum number of fish per pool: 10
1. Alternatively, a reduced sample size as listed in Table 1B may be used if requirements as described in the text Parts II.1, I.I.2.1.b and III are fulfilled.
2. Clinical inspections.
3. In exceptional circumstances, if it is impossible to obtain ovarian fluid, organs may be sampled instead.
4. The samples have to be collected no sooner than three weeks after transfer of fish from fresh to saltwater.
Table 2 - Inspection and sampling scheme for the two-year control period which precedes
achievement of approved status for VHS and/or IHN in zones and farms in non-approved zones
with an officially recognised documented history of freedom from these diseases
Number of clinical
inspectiones per
year (two years)
Number of laboratory
exeminations per
year (two years)
Laboratory exemination for presence of
virus1
Number of growth fish
(organ material)
Number of broodstock
fish (Ovarian fluid)
0 (first inspection)1
30 (second inspection)
30 (first inspection)2
0 (second inspection)
Continental zones
and farms
(a) Farms with
broodstock
(b) Farms with
broodstock only
(c) Farms without
broodstock
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
30 (first or second
inspection)2
30 (first or second
inspection)
0
Costal zones and
farms
(a) Farms with
broodstock
(b) Salmonid farms
without broodstock
(c) Non-salmonid farms
without broodstock
0 (first inspection)
30 (second inspection)
30 (first or second
inspection)3
30 (first or second
inspection)
30 (first inspection)2
0 (second inspection)
Maximum number of fish per pool: 10
1. Clinical inspections.
2. In exceptional circumstances, if it is impossible to obtain ovarian fluid, organs may be sampled instead.
3. The samples have to be collected no sooner than three weeks after transfer of fish from fresh to saltwater
0
0
Table 3 - Inspection and sampling scheme for zones and farms in non-approved zones in order
to maintain approved status for VHS and / or IHN
Number of clinical
inspections per year
(two years)
Number of fish in sample group for laboratory
examination1
Number of growth fish
(organ material)
Number of broodstock fish
(Ovarian fluid)
10 (first or second
inspection)2
30 (first or second
inspection)2
Continental zones and
farms
(a) Farms with broodstock
2
20 (first or second inspection)
(b) Farms with broodstock
only
2
0
(c) Farms without broodstock
2
30
0
Costal zones and farms
(a) Farms with broodstock
(b) Farms without broodstock
2
1
20 (first or second inspection)
303
10 (first or second
inspection)2
0
Maximum number of fish per pool: 10
1. In approved zones samples only have to be collected by rotation in 50 % of the fish farms each year. In approved
farms in non-approved
zones samples have to be collected every year.
2. In exceptional circumstances, if it is impossible to obtain ovarian fluid, organs may be sampled instead.3. The
samples have to be collected no sooner than three weeks after transfer of fish from fresh to saltwater.
Sampling Scheme for Ciprinidae
•
In time of spawning is to be surveyed broodstock carp in the
presence of agents spring viraemia of carp. For virological
examination, the parent should be taken at the end of the
ovarian fluid extrusion (pooled samples of 5 parent in one
tube)
• In the spring, when the water temperature below 20° C and in
the fall, when the water temperature below 18° C, it is
necessary to perform a clinical examination of young carp
(one-and two-year) and supply the material of 150 fish for
virological examination for the presence of agents spring
viraemia of carp.
• In case of massive deaths, and other changes, and which is
found to be caused by the above-mentioned diseases, will
work to further research on other diseases that these fish
species can be affected including the koi herpes virus (KHV).
Monitoring 2004 – 2012
(Salmonidae)
• IPN virus was found in samples of 0 + and 1 + rainbow and brown
trout, and in one pond and in young brook trout.
• 2006 – Based on the recommendations of FVO inspections SVO has
sent the samples in the CRL Arhus to test of the presence ISA virus, all
samples were negative
Monitoring 2004 – 2012
(Ciprinidae)
Monitoring 2004 - 2012
• 2004 - Diagnostic testing are carried out at the Centre for
fish diseases and in the EU Reference Laboratory in
Arhus, Denmark
• Although there were no observed clinical signs of ISA in
fish, in the aim of further prevent the spread of the ISAV,
the State Veterinray Office of B&H has formed a working
group that has adopted Instruction on the
implementation of measures to prevent the spread of
infectious fish diseases in BiH.
• CD 2001/183 was a part of the Instruction with a detailed
sampling plan salmonid fish.
Monitoring 2004 - 2012
• Since 2006 and 2007, Laboratory tests are carried out at
the Department of Aquaculture Veterinary Faculty in
Sarajevo
• Samples from the trout ponds have been tested for the
presence of viral diseases: VHS and IHN and those of
carp fishponds in the presence of SVC
• Diagnostic methods that are used: ELISA and virus
isolation in cell culture.
• Sampling was carried out according to the Order on
measures to control infectious and parasitic diseases of
animals and their implementation and financing of the
current year ("Official Gazette of BiH").
Monitoring 2004 - 2012
• In 2012, testing of the spring part of the monitoring were
done in the Department of Aquaculture Veterinary
Faculty in Sarajevo
• Laboratory diagnostic testing for the autumn part of the
sampling carried out in the Scientific Veterinary Institute
of the Republic of Serbia in Belgrade;
• All pooled samples that were submitted were negative
for viral diseases cyprinid fish, or after CPE not found the
presence of the virus of spring viremia of carp.
Strengths
• Bosnia and Herzegovina has considerable potential in
aquaculture
• High-quality and clean water
• Uninfected fish species
• Quality hatcheries and other facilities for fish breeding
• The available facilities for fish processing
• Well educated and trained personnel in NRL
• Participation NRL in PT test for fish diseases
• Addopted legislation
• Farmer are well known with monitoring
Weaknesses
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Low consumption of fish
Lack of domestic production of fish feed
Limited purchasing power of consumers
Lack of adequate subsidies
Incoherence of the market
Expensive imported food and taxes
The issue of protecting water sources, reservoirs and sea
Symbolic stimulations
NRL is not yet accredited by BAS EN ISO17025 standard
Public procurement procedures for diagnostics of viral
diseases of fish
Opportunities
• Establishing full control of movement within the country
• Regarding historical disease status for fish diseases,
expansion the export of fish products in EU
• Increasing the number of employees
• Natural resources, great potential for the production of
fish
• Regional colaboration
Threats
• Implementation of the program may be compromised
because of the inability choosing laboratory
• State budget must be provided for the implementation of
monitoring program
• Public procurement procedure to select laboratory for
diagnostic fish diseases.
Thank you for your attention!