Clonorchiasis Sinensis
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Transcript Clonorchiasis Sinensis
Clonorchiasis Sinensis
Dept. Of Infectious Disease
Shengjing Hospital
Intruduction
The disease is a kind of chronic
parasitosis caused by clonorchis sinensis,
which inhabit human intrahepatic ducts
Clinical Manifestation: hepatomegaly,
vague pain of upper abdomen, lassitude
and tiredness
The infection is acquired by ingestion of
raw or inadequately cooked freshwater fish
or shrimp
Etiology
Morphology
Adult worm
Flat, elongated worm, with the size 10-15×3-5 mm
They are monocious, with two suckers
The most characteristic feature is branched testis in the
posterior third of the body, and relative small ovary
before them
Eggs
The smallest one of the eggs of human parasites. The
sizes are 27.3-35.1×11.7-12.9m
Yellow brown operculated eggs,with a fully embryonated
miracidia in it
Life Cycle
adult worm
in human and mammal
eaten
1 month
eggs into water
metacercariae
first intermediate host
Secocond intermediate host
(special snail)
(Freshwater fish and shrimp)
swallow eggs
invade
miracidia
enter water
2 months
cercaria
Epidemiology
Source of infection: patients, infected
reservior hosts:cats, dogs, mice, pigs
Route of transmission: the infection is
acquired by eating raw or inadequately
cooked freshwater fish or shrimp, which are
previously infected
Susceptibility: human is generally susceptive,
related with the dietary habits
Pathogenesis
Worms
mechanical stimulation proliferate
inflammatory reaction in the biliary epithelium
The wall of the bile ducts thickened ,fibrous
tissue around the bile duct, and worm
obstruction cause cholestasis
When bacteria infection occur, cause
cholecystitis, cholangeitis, sometimes
cholelithiasis happens
Pathology
Intrahepatic bile ducts expansion,
hepatomegaly, necrosis of liver tissue
Continuous severe infection may cause liver
cirrhosis
Persistent Cholestasis cause biliary liver
cirrhosis
Associate with cholangiocarcinoma and
hepatic carcinoma
Clinical Manifestation
Incubation period: 1-2 months
Most person with mild clonorchis sinensis
infections are asymptomatic, only eggs can be
found in the feces
Severe infections: onset is insidious, with
intestinal manifestations like viral hepatitis,
hepatomegaly, neurasthenia, person with heavy
worm loads may suffer from biliary angina and
obstructive icteric
Clinical Manifestation
Acute symptoms appear when the primary
infection is heavy: sudden onset, chill, high
fever, slight jaundice, hepatomegaly,
eosinophilia, a few patients have splenomegaly,
and weeks later, enter chronic stage
Continuous reinfection: cirrhosis and portal
hypertension. In children may cause
malnutrition growth development disturbance,
even dwarf
Complications
Acute or chronic cholecystitis, cholangeitis and
cholelithiasis are the most common complications
Portal liver cirrhosis: portal hepertension result in
upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Cholestatic cirrhosis
Pancreatitis
Primary carcinoma of the liver and
cholangiocarcinoma
Laboratory Findings
Blood routine test: eosinophilia, anemia in
severe infection
Eggs examination:
simple smear feces to find eggs
Stool concentration technique may increase
the positive rate
Duodenal aspiration: raise the chance of
finding eggs
Laboratory Findings
Immunological Test
Skin test: positive rate 97.9%, 99.5%
coincide with the result of the feces
PHA: positive rate 53.7%, 80% coincide
with the result of the feces
ELISA: positive rate 98.3%, 93.5%
coincide with the result of the feces
Diagnosis
Epidemiologic date:
living in or come from the endemic area
The history of eating raw or inadequately cooked
freshwater fish and shrimp
Clinical date:
gastrointestinal symptoms, hepatomegaly,
neurasthenia, cholangoitis, cholecystitis, etc.
Laboratory findings:
Discovery of characteristic eggs in feces or by duodenal
aspiration come to accurate diagnosis
Eosinophilia and positive immunologic test support the
diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Viral hepatitis
Liver cirrhosis of other origins
Primary carcinoma of the liver
Fasciolopsiasis
Other specie of flukes infection
Prognosis
Good of the mild infection
Co-infection with viral hepatitis may make
the disease severe
Treatment
Pathogenic Treatment
Praziquantel is the best choice of drug for the
therapy
Dose: 15-25mg/kg, three times a day, for 2 days, the
total dose is 90-150mg/kg
Another choice of drug is Albendazole
Heteropathy Treatment
Prevention
Control of the source of infection:
Treat the patients and domestic animal(cats
and dogs, etc.) at the same time.
Cut off the route of transmission:
Avoid of eating inadequately cooked
freshwater fish and shrimp
Sanitary disposal of the excreta
Avoid of drinking raw water