Transcript Modern Human Variation

Do Now
If
you could choose
the physical features
of your child would
you? Why? (3
Sentences)
Do-Now
How
would you
feel if you were
this person? (3
Sentences)
Do Now
Define
“Race”. Is it
right to distinguish
between people
because of their
ethnic background?
(3 Sentences)
Answer these questions on
the back of your article
1.
2.
3.
Identify what “Race” means in
Biological Terms?
Determine if Susie should have
been classified as “Black” and why.
There is an 85% genetic variation
between two people from the same
race. Compare this fact to your
prior knowledge of race. Are you
surprised? Why?
Modern Human
Variation
Biological
Anthropology
Homo Sapiens
 The
species that you and all
other living human beings on
this planet belong to is Homo
sapiens. During a time of
dramatic climate change
200,000 years ago, Homo
sapiens (modern humans)
evolved in Africa
 This
is supported by
mitochondrial DNA, or
MTDNA
 Compared to other Hominids
our face teeth and jaw size
has been reducing, while our
cranial capacity increases
The
resulting human
brain produces heat,
uses about 20% of our
calories, and is
relatively difficult to get
blood to.
Modern
humans
also have a very
advanced cooling
system (hairless)
Homo Sapiens
Modern
humans have
very large brains,
which the average
size is approximately
1300 cubic
centimeters.

Housing this big brain involved the
reorganization of the skull into what
is thought of as "modern" -- a thinwalled, high vaulted skull with a flat
and near vertical forehead. Modern
human faces also show much less
(if any) of the heavy brow
ridges. Our jaws are also less
heavily developed, with smaller
teeth.
Processes in Human
Variation and Adaption
 In
any given human
population, individuals
vary in external features
(skin color/height) and
internal features (blood
type/susceptibility to
disease)
Physical
differences
may be caused by:
Genetics
Physical environment
Cultural Environment
 Mutations,
changes in
genetic structure, are the
ultimate source of genetic
variation
 Adaptations are genetic
changes that give their
carriers a better chance of
survival and reproduction
 Adaptation
through natural
selection does not account
for neutral traits
 Genetic Drift and Gene Flow
do
 Genetic Drift- isolation
 Gene Flow brining
population together
Acclimatization
Physiological
changes
to environmental
condition, they occur
over time
Humans
can adapt to
an environment in two
ways
Biologically
Culturally
Physical Variation in
Human Populations
Bergmann’s
Rule-slender
population of a species
inhabit warmer climates
of it’s geographic range,
more robust species
inhabit cooler areas
Do-Now
Watch
the following
video. Why do you
think children chose
the white doll? (3
Sentences)
Allen’s
RuleProtruding body
parts are relatively
shorter in cooler
areas
Glogger’s
Rule –
populations of birds and
mammals living in warmer
climates have more
melanin, therefore darker
skin, fur, or feathers.
Melanin regulates the
body’s absorption of
Vitamin D from sun light
Adaption to High Altitude
Hypoxia-breathing
problem at high altitudes
Population living near the
Himalayas and the Andes
seem immune to hypoxia
Height
Allen’s
rule impacts
height
Weight impacts height
Nutrition, stress, and
disease have all been
linked to height
Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases
Certain
population
seem to have
developed inherited
resistance to
particular infectious
diseases
Sickle-Cell Anemia
Normal
blood cells
assume a sickle shape,
damaging organs
Sickle cells are
resistant to malaria
Lactase Deficiency
The inability to digest milk sugar
(lactase)
 Common in most of the world
(Asia, Africa, North/South
America)
 Uncommon in cultures that have
readily accessible milk (Northern
Europe, Russia)

Immunity
 Many
diseases such as the
flu or measles grant some
degree of immunity with
exposure. Making them
more deadly to groups that
lack exposure (Native
Americans/ Columbus)
The Future of Human
Variation
Laboratory fertilization, cloning,
and genetic engineering are
increasingly practiced on nonhuman organisms
 Humans modify and control their
environment like no other
animal
 What does this mean for the
future of humans?

Type 3- Due Monday (20
Sentences)



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Considering genetic diseases and
harmful mutations, should the human
race use genetic engineering to create
children? (20 Sentences)
FAC1) Topic sentence and Conclusion.- 30%
2) Explain ideas with sufficient details50%
3) Use content-specific vocabulary
accurately- 20%
Race and Racism
 Race
is not a useful
scientific category
 Populations
(Africans/Europeans) vary
more among themselves
(genetically) than they do in
comparison to people else
where
93-95%
of all genetic
variation is due to the
individual, not the
“race”
Only 3-5% is due to
differences among
populations
social
construct
Race
is a
Race and Civilization
 Some
views hold that
“civilization” began in Europe
and continues today in
developed, first world,
western nations
 This ignores the fact that
today’s under developed
nations were once centers of
great civilization
Piltdown Man
Racially
“find”
motivated fake
Race
has no link to
intelligence,
behavior or
civilization
Rwandan Genocide
A
product of recent history
 The people of Rwanda were
divided by the Belgians into
two groups
 Hutu’s-
Majority of population
 Tutsi’s-
 When
the Belgians left they
gave power to the Tutsi’s
Rwandan Genocide
A
Hutu leader eventually
took power, and small
militant groups of Hutu’s
began to kill the Tutsi’s
 800,000 people were
killed
Do-Now
Does
the United
States have a
responsibility to stop
world-wide genocide?
Why? (3 Sentences)
Do Now
Do
you think the
Europeans should
have evacuated the
Rwandans from the
hotel? Why? (3
Sentences)