Transcript PowerPoint Presentation - Eastern Cattle Area Group #5

Eastern Cattle Area
(Group #5)
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Presented to you by:
Jasper, Elson, Dickson,
James, Kara, Pamela,
Justin, Son, Sharon,
Hanna, John, Mariana,
Marisa, Sean Music80Q
Map
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♪Melody♫
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Melody: “A rhythmically organized sequence of single tones
so related to one another as to make up phrase or idea;
structure with respect to the arrangement of single notes in
succession.”
Characteristics of African Melodies:
-supported by polyrhythm
-express human emotion
-have source of scale
Eastern Cattle Region
Among the Somali, Turkana and Masai people of Kenya
and the Hima of Uganda melodies have a complicated,
flowing quality. They are sung almost in slow tempo.
Among the Bantus of Kenya melodies are instrumentally
very fast posses flow and rhythm.
The taarab melodies from Zanzibar, Tanzania has a fast,
danceable tempo.
Among Ethiopian people melodies are florid melodies and
enriched. Performers often double with another voice or
instrument.
Examples
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Rhythm
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• Movement has implications on rhythm.
• Melodic patterns are not only patterns of tone but also
patterns of rhythm.
• The peculiar organization of rhythmic motifs gives a very
distinctive character to the music of Eastern Africa.
• Rhythm is often conceived in patterns. Different cultural
focus on the use of particular patterns in certain
geographical area. For example, there are inherent
patterns which sequence of many notes that are played
rapidly in Uganda, and which indicate that a comparative
study of the use of such standard rhythm patterns might
be worthwhile in defining the range of rhythmic resources
exploited in Eastern Africa musical practice.
• A comparative study of both rhythmic and melodic
vocabularies within single cultures and groups of
cultures is essential.
• Variations in tempo also exist in Easter African musical
styles, and the differences between musical types may
be expressed, among other things, in terms of this.
There are cultural differences in the choice of tempo, or
differences in the use of tempo which suggests that a
comparative study might be worthwhile.
• Instruments are also used to make rhythmic sounds.
Melodic instruments such as drums and xylophones.
• Among the vast array of non melodic, rhythmic
idiophones are used; the most common and widespread
are probably rattles. But there are many other such as
sistrum, stone clapper, wooden bells and clay pots
partially water-filled.
Rhythm
Communication
As a
Way of
The drum is a musical instrument in which it is used to
send messages to distant places.
A large group of royal drums use drums to announce
the death of a member of a royal family but was not
that often.
The Lwo tribes in Kenya and Uganda, jungle
messages were transmitted across the bush simply by
uttering a very sharp, high-pitched call in regular
rhythms.
Calling people to work
• Common rhythm on the drum
- In Buganda
• Calling people to do communal work
- Building village roads
- Making footbridges across swamps
Warning People of Danger
• Many ways of rising an alarm
- Common to shout while beating or touching the lips
- Whistles and other modern imported devices are becoming
popular
• For someone in authority
- Use of drums are used to warn people
- Special drum rhythm played
- Calling people to gather and to defend their village
Instruments
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• Double Bells: These double
bells are hand-forged by the
best Ewe Blacksmith and are
used for all of their traditional
music. Double bells are
created from an iron that is
heated to a blistering
temperature, and hammered
into the proper size.
• Dodompe and Tokes: Handforged from iron, these bells
produce clear, cutting, highpitched tones. The Tokes is
held in the palm and played
with a beater. Dodompe is
placed on the middle of the
finger and struck with an iron
ring worn around the thumb.
[Double Bells (b), Dodompe (l), and Tokes (r)]
Shekeres
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Shekeres: Shekeres are gourds covered with a woven, beaded
webbing. These are authentic instruments made in Africa; webbing is
made of sturdy nylon.
Balafon (b) and Shekeres (f)
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Balafon: An "ideophonic" music instrument, built up with 16-20 tone
bars laid across a frame. With calabash resonators below each bar. The
resonators have wholes, over which cigarette paper is stretched so as to
make a buzzing sound when the bar is struck. The bars are played with
mallets. Xylophone and marimba are other members of this instrument
family. The balafon has wooden tone bars. Used both as a percussive
and a melodic instrument.
Bullroarer
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Bullroarer: a spatula shaped piece of wood and is swung in the air by a
rope. Although it does not create a recognized musical or rhythmic
sound, the tone can be changed by altering the speed of the swing. The
roaring-howling-whirling sounds are symbolic of the rumbling storm
clouds, or a call to the Gods and fellow tribesmen. The Aborigines use
the Bullroarer as a form of communication.
Thumb Pianos
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Thumb Pianos: Sometimes also called gourd pianos, Mbiras, Sansas,
and other indigenous names, these metallophones originated in Africa.
Each tribe had a distinctive style of instrument. It is plucked with fingers
or thumbs; these instruments produce a haunting, liquid percussive
music. Since you can play either simultaneously or alternating between
two thumbs, lovely harmonic and rhythmic effects are possible.
Slit Drums
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Slit Drums: They vary in size from huge tree trunks enclosed in huts
and played by several men, to small bamboo instruments used in
Malaysia by watchmen. Slit drums are frequently ritual instruments that
are regarded as possessing magical attributes and are often associated
with water and with death and resurrection. Because of their great
carrying power and resonance, they are often also used as signaling
instruments, in some places transmitting messages by reproducing the
inflections of human speech. They are also used to underscore dance
rhythms.
Music
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Song #1: Nene Nandikwa na Mwinyi
(Tanzania)
Song #2: Tindiba
by Samite (Uganda)
Credits
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