Transcript A Closer Look Poster

A Closer Look: India’s School Environment
Hailey Schuchart and TaTyana Williams
The Pennsylvania State University – York
April 17, 2014
Table 1
Objectives
• Examine sanitation in school environments.
• Examine hygienic and basic conditions.
School Sanitation
Research Findings
The present environment and sanitation in
India schools are not satisfactory.
• Many schools in India:
o have less than 10 by 10 square feet for a
classroom.*
o do not have proper ventilation systems.**
o do not have separate rooms for students to
eat their lunch.*
o do not have proper restrooms - separate
urinals or latrines.* Students have to go
outside where there is no privacy.**
o do not have the proper hand washing
stations with soap.*
Consequence: There are high water-borne
infections and some forms of Hepatitis,
leading to higher levels of infections and
even deaths.**
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
*(Majra & Gur, 2010)
** (S, Rajadhyaksha, personal communication, September 17, 2013)
Mangalore City of South India: 30 schools were surveyed on their
sanitation.
Recommended required number of desks were present in only 7 schools.
Meals are prepared in only 3 schools.
7 schools do not have a dining hall for serving meals.
8 schools do not have water purification.
6 schools are not periodically cleaning their drinking water storage units.
Only 2 schools have well-equipped first aid kits.
2 schools are not cleaning their toilets periodically.
From the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of
India…
•45.9% of schools in India are without toilets.
•17.3% of schools in India are without water supply.
(Ministry of Human Resource Development as cited in Joseph et al., 2012)
In the Mysore District…
•Only 79% of schools had water supply facilities and of those, only 91%
were functioning.
•30.5% of school restrooms were not maintained in good condition.
Effects of Poor Sanitation
Due to the unsatisfactory sanitation in these schools,
infectious diseases and sometimes fatal illnesses occur.
(Ghosh & Bose,2012)
• Diarrheal disease is caused by unsatisfactory sanitation.
• 1,000 children die each day from diarrhea in India.
• 88% of diarrheal disease is caused by unsafe sanitation,
impure water, and improper hygiene.
(Buttenheim, 2008)
(Joseph et al., 2012)
Recommendations
What can be done about this issue?
o Campaigns
o UNICEF
o WHO
o More health assessments
(Katrak, 2010)
Table 2
School environment and sanitation in
rural Karnataka
Attribute
Appropriate
Inappropriate
Ventilation
Lighting
Eating Facilities
Hand washing Facilities
Drainage of Waste
Structure
12
14
0
4
14
10
8
6
20
16
6
10
(Majra & Gur, 2010)
Conclusion
Sanitation in schools and the location of the schools
has an effect on child development because it can
cause infectious and sometimes fatal illnesses.
Reference List
Buttenheim, A. (2008). The sanitation environment in urban slums: Implications
for child health. Population Environment, 30, 26-47.
doi:10.1007/s11111/008/0074/9.
Ghosh, S., & Bose, S. (2012). Morbidity among Urban children in India: Distinctions
between slum and non-slum areas. Internationales Asienforum, 43(1-2),
47-59.
Katrak, H. (2010). Rural-Urban differences in India’s school sanitation programme.
International Journal of Rural Management, 6(1), 151-159. doi:
10.1177/097300521100600107
Majra, J. P., & Gur, A. (2010). School environment and sanitation in rural India.
Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, 2(2), 109-111. doi: 10.4103/0974777X.62882
Joseph, N., Bhaskaran, U., Kumar-Saya, G., Kotian, S., & Menezes, R. (2012).
Environmental sanitation and health facilities in schools of Urban cities of
South India. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 5(5), 431435. doi: 10.4103/1755-6783.105125
S. Rajadhyaksha, personal communication, September 17, 2013.