Transcript Human Digestive and Circulatory Systems

Digestive system
(I) Order of Nutrition
1. Ingestion
2. Digestion (hydrolysis)
3. Absorption
4. Egestion (Elimination)
(I) Sequence (way food travels)
Oral Cavity (mouth)
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus
Toilet
3. Stomach
• Lining of the stomach contains gastric
glands that secrete gastric juice
Gastric Bypass Surgery
Gastric Bypass Surgery
4. Small Intestine
5. Large Intestine
• Water absorption only
• NO nutrient absorption occurs here
• Undigested material is known as
feces
• The large intestine passes the feces
into the rectum
6. Rectum
Temporarily stores the
feces
7. Anus
Opening through which
feces passes out of the body
(Egestion)
(II) Nutrient Absorption
• Takes place in the small
intestine
• Chemical digestion in humans
is accomplished by Hydrolysis
and the use of enzymes
End Products of Digestion
Proteins  amino acids
Carbohydrates  glucose
Lipids  fatty acids + glycerol
Absorption
• The end products of
digestion are absorbed in
the small intestine by
finger-like projections
called villi
Villus
• Lacteal- absorption of
fatty acids and
glycerol
• Capillary networkabsorption of glucose
and amino acids
Disorders
of the
Digestive Tract
Anorexia Nervosa
• A condition in which there is a severe
loss of weight accompanied by
symptoms of nutritional deficiencies.
• Psychological condition where a
person is unable to take or retain
food due to an excessive concern
about obesity
Ulcers
Heliobacter pylori
Bacteria
an erosion of the surface of the
digestive tract associated with
pain, nausea, and vomiting.
the quest for Polyps
• Colonoscopy:
Large Intestine
( Colon Polyps_)
• Polyps are small growths on the inner
colon lining that look like warts.
Removal Colon Polyps_)
Gallstones
An accumulation of hardened
cholesterol deposits in the
gall bladder.
Appendicitis
Normal
Infected
Constipation
To much water is absorbed
by/in the large intestine.
Also can exist due to lack of
roughage.
Diarrhea
Decreased water absorption
and increased peristaltic
activity of large intestine.
Results in an increased,
multiple, watery feces.
Appendicitis
An inflammation of the
appendix.
Usually feces that infects the
appendix.
Blood Vessels
Blood vessels - System of tubes which blood
travels through.
If you took all of the
blood vessels out of an
average child, and laid
them out in one line, the
line would be over 60,000
miles long! An adult's
vessels would be closer to
100,000 miles long!
Blood Vessels
Capillaries
Blood Vessels:
Arteries
• Blood moving
away from the
heart to organs.
• thicker walled to
handle to handle
higher pressures
Blood Vessels,
Veins
• Blood vessels takes
blood back to the
heart.
• Less pressure
• Veins have a valves to
keep blood from
flowing back away from
the heart.
Blood Vessels:
Capillaries
•Smallest Blood vessel
Capillaries
•thin walled blood
vessels for oxygen and
nutrients to diffusion
into body cells.
•Surround intestines
for nutrient
absorption and all
organs an tissues for
the diffusion of
nutrients.
Blood Vessels:
Capillary Blood Circuits
Echocardiogram
Ultrasound Echocardiogram
http://depts.washington.edu/anesth/tips/2003_2_anim.gif
Transesophageal Echocardiogram
Blood Pressure
Sphygmomanometer: instrument used to measure blood
pressure, 120/80 mm Hg avg male
sphygmo = the pulse;
mano = rare, thin, roomy
meter = to measure
manometer = an instrument to
measure pressure exerted by a liquid)
Major Causes of Cardiovascular
Disease
• Cholesterol:
– High Density lipoproteins= good cholesterol, get
rid of LDL, 80% produced by liver
– Low Density lipoproteins= bad cholesterol,
Animal fats
• Plaque:
– Made out of fats, cholesterol, calcium and various
other materials.
– Obstructs Blood vessels
Cardiovascular Diseases:
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Atherosclerosis
Angina Pectoris
Coronary Thrombosis
Heart attack:
Aneurysm:
Heart Murmur:
Blue Baby
http://www.thequalityhospital.com/cgi-win/mercyweb.exe/he
Cardiovascular Diseases:
Hypertension (High blood pressure) High blood pressure can damage the
lining of the arteries and weaken the
heart and can be caused by factors
such as stress, smoking, old age,
stress, anxiety, smoking, high salt
diets.
Cardiovascular Diseases:
Atherosclerosis: “hardening of the
arteries” deposits of cholesterol
collect in inner walls. Causes high
animal fat diet (saturated fats) in
diet
Cardiovascular Diseases:
Angina Pectoris caused by the
narrowing of coronary arteries
causing a lack of oxygen to the
heart. Results muscle damage
symptoms: pain in left side
Cardiovascular Diseases:
Heart attack: when blood supply is cut off to the
heart, portion of the heart dies due to lack of O2.
Chest pain + pressure, accompanied by sweats,
shortness of breath and nausea.
**Coronary Thrombosis, materials in the blood
obstruct an artery opening becoming blocked
causing that portion of the heart to stop
functioning.
Cardiovascular Diseases:
Heart attack:
**Coronary Thrombosis
Cardiovascular Diseases:
Link: Balloon angioplasty
Cardiovascular Diseases:
Aneurysm:
Artificial Valves
--Bronchitis
-Emphysema
-Bronchitis
-Asthma
Many respiratory diseases are
cause by abrasive agents:
Asbestos
-Cigarettes
Asbestos
•Asbestos fibers enter the body via inhalation or
ingestion.
•Many factors determine how exposure to asbestos
will affect health and how severely.
•These factors include:
•How many fibers entered the body
•How long the exposure to asbestos occurred
•Whether or not the asbestos was inhaled or
swallowed.
•Inhalation of asbestos fibers can result in
mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis, and impaired
blood flow to the lungs due to enlargement of the
heart.
Cigarettes
http://www.medbroadcast.com/video_ani/view_video_ani.html
• 4000 chemicals and toxins in one puff
on a cigarettes
• 50 cancer causing agents
• Tar, Nicotine, Ammonia,
Formaldehyde, Arsenic (Rat poison)
Bronchitis
• Inflammation of the membrane of the
bronchial tubes
• Bronchitis is caused by viruses (common
cold viruses, influenza virus, adenovirus)
bacteria
– ( Bordatella pertussis, Mycoplasma
pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae,
Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus
pneumoniae) or by other infectious organisms
Asthma
http://www.medbroadcast.com/video_ani/
• An aggravated/allergic Reaction
• Constriction of the bronchial tubes
Asthma
•Cigarette
smoke
•Cockroaches
•Dust mites
•Mold
•Pets and
animals
•Pollen
•Cold air
•Exercise
•Stress
•Respiratory
infections
•Don't panic
•Breathe deep, slow and
easy
•Rest
•Take your prescribed
asthma medication
•Call for help
•Get to a doctor
Emphysema
*Disease in which the walls of the alveoli
breakdown,
**Decreasing surface area for gas
exchange
***shortness of breath, difficulty
breathing, and decreased lung capacity
*****Caused by:
Emphysema
Pneumonia
• The alveoli become filled with
fluid, preventing gas exchange
between the alveoli and the
capillaries
What is C.F.?
Babies are born with (Cystic Fibrosis) CF when they inherit
faulty genes from both their parents. CF is a disease in which
the secretions from various glands are thick and sticky
instead of being watery and free flowing. The lungs and
digestive system are particularly affected. A build up of thick
mucus in the lungs reduces the ability to clear bacteria
leading to cycles of infection and inflammation which damage
the delicate lung tissues.
Lung function is progressively lost and respiratory failure is
the major cause of death in CF patients. The lower intestine
can also become blocked by a build up of mucus, but the
major digestive problem concerns the pancreas.
End