Transcript 第五讲
Lesson 3 For a national effort to develop a vaccine to counteract AIDS By Nina Foreign Languages College Pre-reading 1. What is AIDS? 2. How does the AIDS virus spread? 3. The World AIDS Day 4. Do we now have the vaccine for AIDS? The author Robert. E. Pollack biological sciences Professor of _________________ in Columbia University About the AIDS vaccine Text A vaccine: substance that is injected into the bloodstream and protects the body by making it have a mild form of the disease 疫苗; 菌苗 培养小儿麻痹症的疫苗 develop a polio vaccine counteract act against and reduce the force or effect of (sth) 对抗; 抵消 My grandma has to take several pills to counteract high blood pressure. underwrite: to support / undertake to finance同意资助 The government will create a special agency to underwrite small business loans. novel: adj. Strikingly new, unusual, or different. inoculate v ~ sb (with sth) (against sth) to inject a weak form of a disease into one’s body as a way of protecting them against the disease.（给某人）接种, 打预防针 inoculate sb (with a vaccine) inoculate sb against cholera inoculation n 接种; 预防注射 fastidious difficult to please; possessing or displaying careful, meticulous attention to detail 难以取悦的; 吹毛求疵的 She is so fastidious about her food that I never invite her for dinner. succumb v ~ (to sth) stop resisting (temptation, illness, attack, etc); yield; give in屈服, 屈从 The Minister said his country would never succumb to pressure. infectious easily or readily communicated 传染的, 有感染力的 Flu is highly infectious. infectious enthusiasm / an infectious laugh agent: a force or substance that causes a change cleaning agents 除垢剂 oxidizing agents 氧化剂 Yeast is the raising agent in bread. 酵母是面包的发酵剂. conclusive: convincing; decisive; ending doubt 令人信服的, 确凿的, 消除怀疑的 exotic unusual or different; excitingly strange异国的, 奇异的 exotic houseplants mangoes and other exotic fruits exotic clothes antibodies are substances which a person's or an animal's body produces in their blood in order to destroy substances which carry disease. 抗体（血液中形成的抵抗并杀死病 菌的物质） optimal (optimum): most favorable or desirable 最理想的, 最佳的 植物生长的最佳温度 the optimum temperature for the growth of plants irreversible adj impossible to reverse or revoke; unalterable不能更改的 She could suffer irreversible brain damage if she is not treated within seven days. swear/take an oath (esp law) promise solemnly to tell the truth, give one's loyalty, etc Before giving evidence the witness had to take an oath. narcotics drugs such as opium or heroin which make you sleepy and stop you feeling pain麻醉剂; 毒品 succour (in AM, use succor) assistance in time of distress; relief. 援助; 援 救 solace comfort or relief (from pain, trouble, distress, etc) 安慰; 慰藉 n./v. The sick man found solace in music. lobby v ~ (sb) (for sth) to try to influence the thinking of legislators or other public officials for or against a specific cause游说 （政治家等）支持或反对某立法议案 lobbied against the proliferation of nuclear arms. lobby for higher farm subsidies