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Basic Teaching Skills for
Career Education Instructors
Chapter 4
Basic Learning Styles and Principles
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Critical Concept
• Traditional academia has taught in ways that appeal to
basically two intelligences: verbal/linguistic and
logical/mathematical. A master educator will, however,
deliver content in a manner that reaches all
intelligences and allows learners to use their full brain
power.
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Desired Performance Goals
• List the four important steps in learning.
• Explain eight distinct intelligences and how they
impact learning.
• List the benefits of identifying learning styles for
students.
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Master Educator
• Considers the four important steps in learning into
each key lesson.
• Determines their students’ learning styles and teach
“to” them.
• Incorporates a variety of delivery methods into every
class session.
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Role of the Educator
• Facilitator of learning
• Learning Catalyst
• Learning styles defined
• Analytical presentation style
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Learning Styles Profiles
• 4MAT
• Comparable styles
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Sensory Learning Styles
• Visual: process information through what they see.
• Auditory: process information by what they hear.
• Kinesthetic: process information by what they do.
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Retaining Information
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10% of what we read
20% of what we hear
30% of what we see
50% of what we see and hear
70% of what we say or write
90% of what we teach
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Four Steps in Learning
1. Desire
2. Input and Environment
3. Assimilation
4. Repetition
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Multiple Intelligences
• How we are smart vs how smart we are?
• Intelligence is not fixed or unitary.
• Intelligence prerequisites
– Skills to resolve problems
– Ability to create a product
– Potential for finding or creating a problem
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Eight Intelligences Identified
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Verbal/Linguistic
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Logical/Mathematical
Visual/Spatial
Musical/Rhythmic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Naturalist
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Verbal/Linguistic
• Characteristics
– “word wise”
• How they learn best
• Career choices
• Famous people
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Teaching Ideas and Activities
• Graphics and posters
• Slogans, reading, dialogue
• Word games, mnemonics, affirmations
• Metaphors, similes, paraphrasing
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Study Tips
• Study groups
• Reading and highlighting text
• Rewriting notes
• Plays
• Debating
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Visual/Spatial Intelligence
• Characteristics
– “space wise”
• How they learn best
• Career choices
• Famous people
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Teaching Ideas and Activities
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Visual aids and hands-on experience
Mind mapping and window paning
Rearranging classroom and teacher location
Designing graphics, logos, and flyers
Ball toss reviews
Dancing and physical energizers
Making mobiles, collages, and timelines
Visualization techniques
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Study Tips
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Mind mapping using diagrams, graphics, and arrows
Color-coding notes
Organizing notes from main points to supporting facts
Working with other visual/spatial learners
Group work to problem-find and problem-solve
(continues)
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Study Tips
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Logical/Mathematical Intelligence
• Characteristics
– “logic wise”
• How they learn best
• Career Choices
• Famous People
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Teaching Ideas and Activities
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Evaluating information
Playing on critical-thinking skills
Sequencing events; conducting experiments
Brainstorming; classifying & categorizing
Synthesizing ideas
Playing numbers games
Making charts and graphs
Discovering patterns and trends
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Study Tips
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Studying in a quiet setting
Pausing and pondering
One-minute reflection periods
Considering “why” material is important
Considering the causes and effects
Journaling key events and what it means to the
student
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Intrapersonal Intelligence
• Characteristics
• How they learn best
• Career Choices
• Famous People
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Teaching Ideas and Activities
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Assigning workbook activities
Having students recall personal feelings and memories
Arranging Internet research projects
Setting goals and priorities and drafting action plans
Giving alternatives and letting students choose
Scheduling reflection and introspection
(continues)
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Teaching Ideas and Activities
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Study Tips
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Studying in a quiet setting
Pondering over what has been read
Taking one-minute reflection periods
Thinking about why material is important
Considering the causes and effects
Relating the info to personal experiences
Journaling key points and what they mean
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Bodily/Kinesthetic
• Characteristics
– “body wise”
• How they learn best
• Career choices
• Famous people
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Teaching Ideas and Activities
• Role-playing
(continues)
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Teaching Ideas and Activities
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Building models and labeling them
Creating simulations
Playing charades and pictionary
Choreographing a procedure
Using physical gestures
Practicing skills and conducting experiments
CDs, energizers, stretching activities
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Study Tips
• Employing group study with alternating discussion
leaders
• Pacing and reciting while studying
• Peer coaching material to another student
• Using flashcards with a fellow student
• Applying material in a practical manner
• Acting out the information
• Designing games relevant to the material
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Interpersonal Intelligence
• Characteristics
– “people wise”
• How they learn best
• Career choices
• Famous people
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Teaching Ideas and Activities
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Forming teams for group interaction
Requiring teams to determine a name, slogan, and logo
Using team-building activities
Assigning team presentations
Role-playing
Having students practice active listening
Assigning peer-coaching activities
(continues)
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Teaching Ideas and Activities
• Resolving case studies
• Involving students in mediation and motivation
• Assigning students to plan events
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Study Tips
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Group study with alternating leaders
Peer coaching
Flashcards
Designing games
Partner studying
Developing cooperative games
Partner or team research
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Musical/Rhythmic
• Characteristics
– “music wise”
• How they learn best
• Career choices
• Famous people
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Teaching Ideas and Activities
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Creating music in the classroom
Music to call back from breaks
Writing and performing jingles
Putting vocabulary to music
Implementing musical energizers
Playing music during group activities
Developing team cheers
Creating sounds for subject matter
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Naturalist Intelligence
• Characteristics
– “nature wise”
• How they learn best
• Career choices
• Famous people
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Teaching Ideas and Activities
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Observing and recording observations
Classifying and categorizing
Listing natural ingredients in products
Teaching aromatherapy
Teaching natural hair techniques
Observing and recording changes
Logging information on record cards
Classifying by color, size, function, or form
Nature walks; teaching outdoors
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Study Tips
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Sorting and classifying subject matter
Studying outdoors
Exploring natural aspects of content
Relating abstract to something concrete in nature
Taking nature walks during study
Rewarding accomplishments with something enjoyed
in nature
• Playing nature sounds
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Benefits of Knowing
Learning Styles
• Students
– Better choices; better selection of work environment;
targeting of areas needing improvement; better study
techniques.
• Educators
– Better lessons that appeal to all styles; better focus on
student weaknesses.
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
How to Identify Preferred
Intelligence
• Pose a Problem.
• Build a Model.
• Learning Styles
Questionnaire.
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Developing Intelligences
• Intelligence is not fixed.
• Age 3 and under: low in all
• Age 3–6: develop verbal/linguistic, musical/rhythmic,
and visual/spatial
• Up to age 70: develop bodily/kinesthetic
• No age limit: interpersonal, intrapersonal, and
logical/mathematical
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Combining Intelligences
• 1 Intelligence: reach 5% to 75%
• Addressing all: Achieve 100% success
• Every class: At least 3–4 Intelligences
• Weekly: All intelligences
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Wrapping It Up
• It’s more important to consider “how we are smart,”
not “how smart we are.”
• Master educators have the opportunity to deliver
content that reaches all intelligences allowing learners
to use their full brain power.
• There is no “best” way to learn.
• It is important to instill self-worth and love of learning
in students.
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
In Retrospect
• List and explain the four important steps in learning.
• List the eight distinct intelligences and explain the
characteristics of each.
• List the benefits of identifying learning styles for
students.
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Congratulations!
You have just completed four units
of study in your Instructor Training
Program.
© Copyright 2014 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.