Transcript Common Diseases of Companion Animals Part 2

Common Canine Bacterial Diseases
• Tetanus (lockjaw)
– caused by a specific neurotoxin
produced by Clostridium tetani in
necrotic tissue; found in soil
– Dogs and cats resistant so usually
get localized tetanus
– Characterized by violent, general
spasms in response to sudden
movement or noise
– Spasms of head muscles cause
difficulty in prehension and
mastication of food
Common Canine Bacterial Diseases
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Clinical Signs:
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Fever
Constipation
Pain during urination
Excessive drooling
Wrinkled forehead
Grinning appearance
Stiff and hard tail
Continuously erect and stiff ears
Progressive stiffness of the body muscles,
giving the animal a sawhorse appearance
Difficulty eating
Breathing difficulty (due to stiffness of the
chest muscles)
Difficulty opening the mouth (due to stiffness
of the jaw muscles)
Whole body muscle spasms with sudden
external movement, sound, or touch
Paralysis
Death due to inability to breathe
Common Canine Bacterial Diseases
• Treatment:
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Hospitalized for 3-4 weeks
Supportive care
Sedation
Antitoxins *
Antibiotics
Quiet and low light
environment
– Supportive care (feeding
tube, etc.) when released
– Long recovery
– May or may not recover
fully due to neuromuscular
damage
Common Canine Bacterial Diseases
• Lyme Disease
– Caused by a spirochete (bacteria)
species of the Borrelia
burgdorferi group
– Dogs commonly have recurrent
lameness due to inflammation of
the joints, have a lack of
appetite, and may be depressed
– Severe (untreated) cases lead to
kidney damage to the kidney and
sometimes heart or nervous
system disease
Common Canine Bacterial Diseases
• Prevention:
– Check your dog for ticks each
time they go outside
– Apply monthly flea and tick
prevention
– Lyme vaccine (not that
effective)
• Treatment:
– 4 weeks of antibiotic
(doxycycline usually)
– Pain medication as needed (Ex:
Metacam)
– Supportive care with antibiotics
for severe cases
– Stays in body
Common Canine Bacterial Diseases
• Leptospirosis
– an infection of bacterial spirochetes
– Leptospira interrogans
– penetrates the skin and spread through the body
by way of the bloodstream
– prevalent in marshy/muddy areas which have
stagnant surface water and are frequented by
wildlife
– zoonotic
Common Canine Bacterial Diseases
• Clinical Signs:
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Lethargy
Pyrexia
Blood in urine
Skin bleeding
Liver and kidney damage
Common Canine Bacterial Diseases
• Prevention:
– Vaccination
– Keep dog out of stagnant or marshy water
• Treatment:
– Antibiotics (4 weeks or more)
– Hospitalization with supportive care, antibiotics,
possible blood transfusion
– Recovery dependent on organ damage (kidney, liver,
CNS, eye, reproductive system)
– Stays in body
Common Canine Viral Diseases
• Rabies
– Lyssavirus
– Big problem in
developing nations
Common Canine Viral Diseases
• Infectious Canine Hepatitis
(ICH)
– Infection of the liver caused
by canine adenovirus type-1
– may cause damage to cells
throughout the body, but
especially those located in
the liver, kidneys, and eyes
– Number of cases greatly
reduced due to vaccine
– Transmitted through infected
urine
Common Canine Viral Diseases
• Clinical Signs:
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Leukopenia (low WBC count)
Nausea and vomiting
Anorexia
Icterus
Light-colored stools
Painful swelling of the
abdomen
– More severe cases: high
fever, tearing eyes, tonsillitis,
laryngitis, swollen lymph
nodes, icterus, and pale
gums, tongue, and nose “blue
eye” (viral particles in eye)
which could lead to glaucoma
Common Canine Viral Diseases
• Prevention:
– Vaccine
• Treatment:
– generally not fatal, but
when it is, death is usually
a result of massive
hemorrhage, fluid leakage
from a severely damaged
liver, and central nervous
system trauma which
triggers seizure and coma
– Supportive
care/hospitalization
Liver - Hepatitis
Common Canine Viral Diseases
• Canine Distemper
– Morbillivirus
– Transmitted through the air and
by direct or indirect (i.e. food
bowls, bedding) contact with an
infected animal
– Initially attacks the tonsils and
lymph nodes
– Next attacks respiratory,
urogenital, gastrointestinal, and
nervous systems
Common Canine Viral Diseases
• Clinical Signs:
– high fever
– reddened eyes
– watery discharge from the
nose and eyes
– lethargy
– anorexia
– persistent coughing
– vomiting
– diarrhea
– Later stages: virus attacks
the nervous system (fits,
seizures, paralysis, and
attacks of hysteria)
Common Canine Viral Diseases
• Prevention:
– Vaccine
• Treatment:
– Treat symptoms
– Supportive care
– No cure, however, if dog
recovers it may have
seizures 2-3 months later –
reoccurring over time
• These dogs no longer carry
or spread the virus
Common Canine Viral Diseases
• Canine Parvovirus
– manifests itself in two different forms:
• Intestinal (most common)
– characterized by vomiting, diarrhea (bloody and odiferous),
weight loss, lethargy, and anorexia
• Cardiac (uncommon)
– attacks the heart muscles of very young puppies, often leading to
death
– transmitted by direct contact with an infected dog, or
indirectly, by the fecal-oral route
– bleach is the only effective disinfectant to kill the virus
Common Canine Viral Diseases
• Prevention:
– Vaccine
• Treatment:
– No real cure
– Treat symptoms
– Hospitalization with
supportive care
– If dog recovers they have long
term immunity for parvovirus,
but their immune system has
been weakened. The dog can
contract parvo again if
exposed to it later in life
Common Canine Viral Diseases
• Kennel Cough (infectious canine
tracheobronchitis)
– Caused by one or more of the following:
Bordetella bronchiseptica, parainfluenza virus,
mycoplasma, canine herpes virus, reovirus and the
canine adenovirus
– Most common: parainfluenza virus
• causes gentle symptoms that last less than a week,
unless there is an involvement with other bacteria
Common Canine Viral Diseases
• Clinical Signs:
– Dry hacking cough
(honking)
– Retching
– Watery nasal discharge
– Severe cases:
pneumonia, anorexia,
pyrexia, lethargy, and
even death
Common Canine Viral Diseases
• Prevention:
– Vaccine
• Treatment:
– Mild cases do not
require antibiotics, but
anti-inflammatory drugs
are given to reduce
coughing
– Severe cases: antibiotics,
anti-inflammatory drugs,
supportive care
Common Canine Fungal Disease
• Ringworm
– zoonotic
Common Canine Protozoan Diseases
• Giardia
– Contaminated water
– Zoonotic
• Coccidia
– Contaminated water or
soil
– Species specific
Common Canine Rickettsial Disease
• Rocky Mountain Spotted
Fever
– Tick borne disease
– Rickettsia
• rod-shaped
microorganisms that
resemble bacteria, but
behave like viruses,
reproducing only inside
living cells
– Rickettsia rickettsii
• Causes RMSF
• Lives parasitically in ticks
• Transmitted by bite to
vertebrate hosts
Common Canine Rickettsial Disease
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Clinical Signs:
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Depression
Lethargy
Anorexia
Blood in the urine
Irregular heart beat (arrhythmia)
Discolored spots along the skin, often bruised
or purplish in color
Inability to walk normally, loss of coordination
(ataxia)
Swelling or edema (fluid retention) in the
limbs
Bleeding that occurs suddenly, most often
from the nose, or in the stools
Difficulty with blood clotting, which can lead
to shock or death
Swollen lymph nodes
Pain in the eyes
Inflammation, hemorrhage, or conjunctivitis
in the mucosal membranes, most commonly
in the eyes
Common Canine Rickettsial Disease
• Prevention:
– Check your dog for ticks each time they go outside
– Apply monthly flea and tick prevention
• Treatment:
– Antibiotics (usually doxycycline)
– Supportive care
– Possible blood transfusion if RBC and platelet count
become too low
– Monitoring for swelling of the brain, body, and lung tissue
– Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory drugs
Common Canine Parasites
• External
– Fleas
– Ticks
– Mites
• Ear
• Skin
– sarcoptic mange
(zoonotic)
– demodectic mange
– Lice (species specific)
• Internal
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Heartworm
Roundworms
Hookworms
Whipworms
Tapeworms