Transcript Bloodborne Pathogens

Bloodborne Pathogens In the
Workplace – 29 CFR 1910.1030
AGENDA
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What are Bloodborne Pathogens?
Where are they found?
What is Hepatitis?
A Closer Look at These Diseases
Routes of Entry
Protecting Yourself
Should I Help an Injured Co-worker?
What If I am Exposed?
Misconceptions
What are Bloodborne
Pathogens?
Bloodborne Pathogens are:
 microorganisms such as viruses or
bacteria that are carried in blood and
cause disease in people
Where Are They Found?
Bloodborne pathogens are transmitted
through contact with infected human blood
and other body fluids such as:
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Semen
Vaginal Secretions
Pleural Fluid
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Synovial Fluid
Amniotic Fluid
Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIM)
Skin Provides a Barrier
Unbroken skin forms a barrier, however,
infected blood can enter your system
through:
 Open sores
 Cuts
 Abrasions
 Acne
 Any damage to broken skin, even
sunburn or blisters
Types of Bloodborne
Pathogens Include:
Malaria
 Syphilis
 Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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Hepatitis A
Transmitted by:
 Contaminated food or water which
contains fecal matter
 There is a vaccine to prevent HAV
Hepatitis B (HBV)…
Transmitted by:
 injections transporting a virus bearing
serum, most often during blood
transfusions
 By contaminated needles and syringes
Hepatitis B (HBV)…
 Is a virus that infects and inflames the
liver
 Is transmitted primarily through “blood
to blood” contact
 Can lead to serious conditions such as
cirrhosis & liver cancer
 Can survive in dried blood for up to
seven days!
No Cure - HBV
 There is no “CURE” or specific
treatment for HBV
 Many people develop antibodies to
fight the disease which may prevent
future infection
HBV Symptoms
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Mild flu-like symptoms
Fatigue
Possible stomach pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Jaundice
Darkened urine
HBV Vaccination
 Series of three shots
 Second shot is given one month after
first
 Third shot follows five months after the
second
 This series gradually builds up the
body’s immunity to HBV
Hepatitis C
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Transmitted in blood or body fluids
Currently, no vaccination exist for HCV
Hepatitis D
The latest form of hepatitis which
is transmitted primarily through
sexual contact
Hepatitis E
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Transmitted in contaminated drinking
water
Currently no treatment exists for HEV
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or
AIDS, is caused by a virus call the human
immunodeficiency virus, or HIV
 It may be many years before AIDS
actually develops
 HIV attacks the body’s immune system,
weakening it from fighting other diseases
 AIDS is a fatal disease and there is no
known cure
HIV Symptoms
Symptoms of HIV infection can include:
 Weakness
 Fever
 Sore Throat
 Nausea and Diarrhea
 Headaches
 White coating of the tongue
 Weight loss
 Swollen lymph glands
Mucous Membranes
Bloodborne pathogens may also be
transmitted through the following mucous
membranes:
 Eyes
 Nose
 Mouth
Signs & Labels
Warning labels must be placed on:
 containers of regulated waste
 refrigerators/freezers containing blood
 other containers used to store,
transport, or ship blood
Should I Help An Injured CoWorker?
Emergencies
In an emergency situation, always use
Universal or Standard Precautions:
 Wear gloves
 Wear splash goggles
 Use pocket mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation masks
 Wash your hands
 Clean up spills
If You Are Exposed
 Wash the exposed area thoroughly with
soap and water
 Use non-abrasive, antibacterial soap
 Flush mouth, nose, and eyes for 15
minutes if blood is splashed in mucous
membranes
Other Actions If Exposed
 Report the exposure to your supervisor
 Complete an exposure report form
 Request blood testing and Hepatitis B
vaccination
Personal Protective Equipment
The best protection is to wear PPE
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emergency medical personnel, doctors,
nurses, dentists, dental assistants, and
other healthcare professionals always
wear protective gloves
It is essential to have a barrier between
you and the infectious material
Rules To Follow:
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Always wear PPE
Treat all blood as if contaminated
Replace PPE that is torn or punctured
Remove PPE before leaving the work area
Properly disinfect or dispose of PPE
Wash hands immediately after removing
PPE
Gloves
 Gloves should be made of impervious
materials
 Inspect gloves before use
 Double glove if possible
 Cover cuts or sores with bandages
 Do not touch the outside of used gloves
Goggles, Face Shields &
Aprons
 Use goggles if there is risk of splashing
 Face shields provide addition protection
for nose and mouth
 Aprons afford extra protection for the
body
Contaminated Clothing
 Remove clothing that is contaminated
as soon as possible
 Use Universal/Standard Precautions
when handling contaminated laundry
 Place clothing in approved & labeled
bags/containers
Hand Washing
 Hand washing is important and the
easiest practice for protection against
bloodborne pathogens
 Wash hands or other exposed skin as
soon as possible following potential
exposure incident
 Do not use harsh, abrasive soap
Hygiene Rules
If you work in a area where there is
reasonable likelihood of exposure,
Never:
 Eat
 Drink
 Smoke
 Apply cosmetics or lip balm
 Handle contact lenses
Food Rules
Do not keep food or drink near blood
Decontamination and
Sterilization
Decontaminate/sterilize:
 All surfaces, tools, equipment and
other objects that may come in contact
with blood before they are put back to
use
Precautions With Needles
Precautions With Needles
Continued
 Recap needles only with a mechanical
device
 Use forceps, pliers, or broom and dust
pan to move needles
 Never break or shear needles
 Needles must be disposed in labeled
sharps containers
Broken Glassware
 Sterilize broken glassware with an
approved disinfectant solution before it
is disturbed or cleaned up
 Decontaminated glassware may be
disposed of in an appropriate sharps
container
 Do not pick up broken glassware with
your hands!
Spill Cleanup
 Carefully cover the spill with paper
towels or rags
 Gently pour 10% solution of bleach
over the towels or rags
 Let sit for 10 minutes
 Wear gloves to collect & dispose of
waste
Spill Cleanup Continued
Spill Cleanup Continued
Misconceptions
You cannot get HIV by:
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Sharing food, drinking glasses or towels
From sinks or toilets
Sharing PPE such as goggles or respirators
Insect bites such as mosquitoes
What If I Am Exposed?
 Wash the area immediately with soap
and water
 If cut by an item, save the item for
contamination testing
 Promptly report the incident to your
supervisor
 Seek medical attention
Summary
 Always know what you are working with
 Use proper PPE in situations with
bloodborne pathogens
 Report all suspected exposures
 Properly dispose of pathogen waste and
PPE