Transcript Study Guide Answer Key

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Answer Key
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
1
Epidemiology
•Is TB on the increase or decrease in the
US?
• Decrease
•What US populations have the highest
number of reported cases per year?
• Foreign populations
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
2
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
(TB)
•What is TB?
• A slow growing bacteria that effects the
respiratory tract of humans
•What other areas of the body can be
affected by this bacteria?
• Bone
• Brain
• Kidney
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
3
TB Growth
•What happens after the bacteria have
entered the body?
• They begin to grow in the alveoli (small air
sacs) of the lungs and then spread
throughout the lung and body
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
4
Incubation
•What is the usual incubation period?
• 2-6 weeks for TB infection
• Up to 2 years for TB disease (highest risk)
•What does a positive skin test mean?
• Bacteria is in body, but not contagious
•How contagious is a person showing
symptoms?
• Highly contagious
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
5
Testing
•Name the types of testing for TB:
• Tine Test
• PPD (purified Protein Derivative)
•Describe the PPD Test:
• The skin of the forearm is injected with
•
•
Tuberculin, and it is checked in three days
for a possible reaction.
No reaction=negative test
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
Reaction=positive
test
6
Transmission
•How is it transmitted?
• Inhalation of the infectious airborne
•
particles or droplet nuclei
Infectious particles are carried in the air
after an infected individual speaks, coughs,
sneezes, or certain medical procedures are
performed.
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
7
Particles
•What are these particles called?
• Droplet nuclei
•What is the size of the particles?
• 1-5 micron sized droplets
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
8
Respirator
•What is a respirator?
• A personal protective device that removes
air contaminants such as dust, mists, and
aerosols from ambient air.
•Who has to approve the respirator, and
what efficiency should it be?
• NIOSH
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
9
AFB Isolation
•What does AFB stand for?
• Acid Fast Bacilli
•What are the requirements of an AFB
isolation room?
• Warning signs
• Must be maintained under negative
•
pressure
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
Exhaust air away from air intakes
10
Filters
•Describe a HEPA filter, and state its
use-
• High Efficiency Particulate Air filter
• Used to filter air for recirculation in an AFB
isolation room
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
11
Settings at Risk
•What type of setting have a higher risk
for TB?
• Health care settings
• Correctional institutions
• Homeless shelters
• Long-term care facilities for the elderly
• Drug treatment centers
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
12
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
13