Transcript Document
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Decline •During 2000 - 16,377 cases of TB (5.8/100,000 of U.S. population) were reported to CDC •7% dec from 1999 •39% dec from 1990 •In 1992 there was a resurgence of TB in U.S. (due to AB resistance, immigration, travel, HIV+) Population at highest risk – foreign born Rate per Population Source: CDC Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) •Slow growing bacteria that primarily affects the respiratory tract of humans. •Other areas that can be affected: TB Spreading •What happens after the bacteria have entered the body? Begins to grow in alveoli (small air sacs) of lungs and then spreads throughout lung and body via blood 1 Lung Anatomy 5 3 4 Source: CDC Incubation •What is usual TB incubation period? 2-10 weeks for TB infection Up to 2 years for TB disease (highest risk) •TB infected (Latent TB): (carrier) Positive Skin Test, but not contagious (& no symptoms) •TB disease/active: + Skin test and showing symptoms (bad cough, fever, chills, blood in sputum) and is highly contagious Testing PPD (Purified Protein Derivative) – tuberculin injected intradermally & read 48 hours later PPD Testing Source: CDC Transmission •Inhalation of infectious particles: Infectious particles are carried in air after an active TB individual speaks, coughs, sneezes, or certain medical procedures are performed •These particles are called droplet nuclei •1-5 microns/ 1/5000 of an inch in size ... ......... ..... .... ...... ..... Infected Person ... ...... ... ......... ..... .... Cough-Sneeze-Talking .. ... ....... . .. .. ........ . . ... .. . . ... ....... .............. ......... ..... ........ .... ... ...... ..... ....... ...... ...... Transmitting Droplets ...... ...... Inhalation of Droplets Respirator •A PPE device that removes air contaminants such as dust, mists, and aerosols from ambient air •TB Respirator filters out material down to 0.3 microns at 95% efficiency (N95). NIOSH approved TB Respirator Mask N 95 NIOSH Approved Must be fit tested (sized correctly) TB (AFB) Isolation •Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) isolation room: Warning signs Must be maintained under negative pressure. Exhaust air from isolation room away from air intakes for building, usually on roof. Filters •High Efficiency Particulate Air filter (HEPA): Used to filter air for recirculation in an AFB isolation room at 0.3 microns at 99.97% efficiency Settings at TB Risk •High Risk Settings: Health care settings Correctional institutions Homeless shelters Long-term care facilities for the elderly Drug treatment centers