Transcript Document

Bloodborne Pathogens
Xavier University
Employee Training
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Introduction
To progress through the presentation
simply use the directional arrows at the
bottom right of the screen.
 At the end of this presentation click on the
quiz link on the home page. Please print
the quiz, complete it and forward to your
supervisor.

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Introduction
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This training module is designed to provide a
basic understanding of bloodborne pathogens,
common modes of their transmission, methods of
prevention, and other pertinent information. This
program is designed to meet the requirements of
the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration's (OSHA's) Bloodborne Pathogen
Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1030.
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Introduction
The Federal OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen
Standard was published in 1991. It was
designed to reduce and minimize the
potential for occupational exposure to the
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV),
the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and other
human bloodborne pathogens.
 This training program is a direct result of
the requirements of this regulation.
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Introduction
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All Xavier University employees with the risk of
occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens
in their workplace environment must, by law,
receive special training.
For the purposes of this training, anyone who
receives payment from the University and who is
exposed as part of their job is an employee.
In this training program, you will learn methods
of protecting yourself from potential exposure to
bloodborne pathogens in your workplace. It also
covers the very important procedures that must
be carried out should accidental exposure occur.
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Introduction – Methods of Compliance
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Exposure Control Plan:
– The OSHA Standard requires that Xavier prepare an
Exposure Control Plan which is designed to document
procedures that minimize employee exposure to
bloodborne pathogens.
• The Plan contains the following elements:
– Exposure Determination
– Methods of Compliance
– The plan must be updated annually or when new tasks
are added.
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Introduction – Methods of Compliance
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Exposure Determination: Xavier University conducted a
survey of all departments to determine which employees
were at risk for exposure. That survey resulted in seven
job classifications being identified as at risk for
occupational exposure.
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Exposure Determination
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The following are the job classifications with a
risk of occupational exposure:
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Campus Service Staff
Plumbers
Maintenance Technicians
Physicians
Nurses
Athletic Trainers
Police Officers
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Common Tasks and Procedures
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The following is a list of tasks and procedures in
which occupational exposure may occur at the
University and that are performed by categorized
employees.
– Cleaning up of blood or OPIM (Other Potentially
Infectious Material)
– Collecting, handling or disposing of blood or OPIM
– Rendering first aid or CPR
– Finger Sticks
– Assisting in emergency situations
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Introduction
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In order to fully understand the
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard and
Xavier’s policy you will need to know
some common terms. These terms are
regulatory definitions, not necessarily
common words.
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Vocabulary
 Universal
Precautions:
An approach to infection control that
involves:
Assuming that all blood, blood products, and
body fluids are contaminated.
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Vocabulary
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Blood:
– Blood
– Blood Components
– Products made from Human Blood
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Bloodborne Pathogen: Pathogenic microorganisms
present in human blood that can cause disease in humans.
These pathogens include, but are not limited to, Hepatitis
B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Hepatitis B can survive
in dried blood specimens for several days.
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Vocabulary
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Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIM):
Human Body Fluids:
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Semen
Vaginal Secretions
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Synovial Fluid
Pleural Fluid
Pericardial Fluid
Peritoneal Fluid
Amniotic Fluid
All body fluids that are of undetermined nature or are
visibly contaminated with blood are also to be considered
as OPIM.
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Vocabulary
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OPIM also refers to:
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Unfixed tissue or organs.
HIV- containing cells, tissue, or organ cultures.
HIV- or HBV- containing culture medium.
Blood, organs, etc. from animals with HIV or HBV.
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Vocabulary
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Contaminated:
– Blood or OPIM on a Surface
– Blood or OPIM on Clothes, Equipment, etc.
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Decontamination:
– To remove, inactivate, and destroy infectious
material.
– To make surface or equipment safe for
handling, use, or disposal.
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Vocabulary - Diseases
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Hepatitis B (HBV)
In the United States, approximately 300,000 people are infected with
HBV annually. Of these cases, a small percentage are fatal.
"Hepatitis" means "inflammation of the liver," and, as its name
implies, Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. While there are
several different types of Hepatitis, Hepatitis B is transmitted
primarily through "blood to blood" contact. Hepatitis B initially
causes inflammation of the liver, but it can lead to more serious
conditions such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.
There is no "cure" or specific treatment for HBV, but many people
who contract the disease will develop antibodies which help them get
over the infection and protect them from getting it again. It is
important to note, however, that there are different kinds of hepatitis,
so infection with HBV will not stop someone from getting another
type.
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Vocabulary - Diseases
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The Hepatitis B virus is very durable, and it can survive in dried
blood for up to seven days. For this reason, this virus is the primary
concern for employees such as house service staff, maintenance
technicians, plumbers, and other employees who may come in
contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials in a non
first-aid or medical care situation.
Symptoms:
The symptoms of HBV are very much like a mild "flu". Initially
there is a sense of fatigue, possible stomach pain, loss of appetite,
and even nausea. As the disease continues to develop, jaundice (a
distinct yellowing of the skin and eyes), and a darkened urine will
often occur. However, people who are infected with HBV will often
show no symptoms for some time. After exposure it can take 1-9
months before symptoms become noticeable. Loss of appetite and
stomach pain, for example, commonly appear within 1-3 months, but
can occur as soon as 2 weeks or as long as 6-9 months after infection.
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Vocabulary - Diseases
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is
caused by a virus called the human immunodeficiency
virus, or HIV. Once a person has been infected with HIV,
it may be many years before AIDS actually develops.
HIV attacks the body's immune system, weakening it so
that it cannot fight other deadly diseases. AIDS is a fatal
disease, and while treatment for it is improving, there is
no known cure.
Estimates on the number of people infected with HIV
vary, but some estimates suggest that an average of
35,000 people are infected every year in the US (in 2006,
56,300 new infections were reported). It is believed that
as of 2007, 1,106,400 persons were living with
HIV/AIDS in the United States. These numbers could be
higher, as many people who are infected with HIV may
be completely unaware of it.
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Vocabulary - Diseases
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The HIV virus is very fragile and will not survive very long outside
of the human body. It is primarily of concern to employees providing
first aid or medical care in situations involving fresh blood or other
potentially infectious materials. It is estimated that the chances of
contracting HIV in a workplace environment are only 0.4%.
However, because it is such a devastating disease, all precautions
must be taken to avoid exposure.
AIDS infection essentially occurs in three broad stages. The first
stage happens when a person is actually infected with HIV. After the
initial infection, a person may show few or no signs of illness for
many years. Eventually, in the second stage, an individual may
begin to suffer swollen lymph glands or other lesser diseases which
begin to take advantage of the body's weakened immune system. The
second stage is believed to eventually lead to AIDS, the third and
final stage, in all cases. In this stage, the body becomes completely
unable to fight off life-threatening diseases and infections.
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Modes of Transmission
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It is important to know the ways exposure and transmission are most
likely to occur in your particular workplace, be it providing first aid
to an athlete, handling blood samples in the laboratory, or cleaning
up blood from a hallway.
HBV and HIV are most commonly transmitted through:
Sexual Contact
Sharing of hypodermic needles
From mothers to their babies at/before birth
Accidental puncture from contaminated needles, broken glass, or
other sharps
Contact between broken or damaged skin and infected body fluids
Contact between mucous membranes and infected body fluids
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Modes of Transmission
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In most work or laboratory situations, transmission is
most likely to occur because of accidental puncture from
contaminated needles, broken glass, or other sharps;
contact between broken or damaged skin and infected
body fluids; or contact between mucous membranes and
infected body fluids. For example, if someone infected
with HBV cut their finger on a piece of glass, and then
you cut yourself on the now infected piece of glass, it is
possible that you could contract the disease. Anytime
there is blood-to-blood contact with infected blood or
body fluids, there is a slight potential for transmission.
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Modes of Transmission
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Unbroken skin forms an impervious barrier
against bloodborne pathogens. However,
infected blood can enter your system through:
Open sores
Cuts
Abrasions
Acne
Any sort of damaged or broken skin such as
sunburn or blisters
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Modes of Transmission
Bloodborne pathogens may also be
transmitted through the mucous
membranes of the
 Eyes
 Nose
 Mouth
 For example, a splash of contaminated
blood to your eye, nose, or mouth could
result in transmission.
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Personal Protective Equipment
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It is extremely important to use personal
protective equipment and work practice
controls to protect yourself from
bloodborne pathogens.
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Personal Protective Equipment
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Universal Precautions: a prevention strategy
where blood and all OPIM is treated as if it is
infectious.
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This strategy is used in all situations where
exposure to blood or other potentially infectious
material is possible. This also means that certain
engineering and work practice controls shall
always be utilized in situations where exposure
may occur.
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Personal Protective Equipment
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Employees should always utilize PPE
when working with blood or OPIM.
– PPE is provided to employees at no cost to
them.
– Training in the use of appropriate PPE for
specific tasks or procedures is provided by
your supervisor.
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Personal Protective Equipment
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The types of PPE available to employees
are as follows:
– Safety glasses
– Face shields
– Disposable gloves
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Personal Protective Equipment
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All employees should observe the following precautions:
– Wash hands immediately or as soon as feasible after removing
gloves or other PPE.
– Remove PPE after it becomes contaminated and before leaving
the work area.
– Used PPE must be disposed of in the appropriate Biohazard
container, not with common trash.
– Never wash or decontaminate disposable gloves for reuse.
– Wear appropriate face and eye protection when splashes, sprays,
splatters, or droplets of blood or OPIM pose a hazard to the eye,
nose, or mouth.
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Personal Protective Equipment
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Wear appropriate gloves when it is reasonably anticipated
that there may be hand contact with blood or OPIM, and
when handling or touching contaminated items or
surfaces; replace gloves if torn, punctured, or
contaminated, or if their ability to function as a barrier is
compromised.
Remove immediately or as soon as feasible any garment
contaminated by blood or OPIM, in such a way as to
avoid contact with the outer surface.
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Engineering Controls
Xavier University employees will utilize
sharps containers as a means of
engineering control to prevent workplace
exposure.
 Contaminated sharps are discarded
immediately in containers that are
closable, puncture resistant, leak proof and
appropriately labeled or color coded.
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Engineering Controls
Sharps disposal containers must be easily
accessible and located in the immediate
area where sharps are used.
 Broken glassware that may be
contaminated is only picked up by using
mechanical means, such as tongs or
cardboard and a dustpan.
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Engineering Controls
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Example of Sharps Containers:
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SHARPS
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"Contaminated Sharps" means any
contaminated object that can penetrate the
skin including, but not limited to, needles,
scalpels, broken glass, broken capillary
tubes, and exposed ends of dental wires
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SHARPS INJURIES
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NIOSH recommends if you experience a needlestick or
other sharps injury or are exposed to blood or other body
fluid during the course of your work, immediately follow
these steps:
– Wash needlesticks and cuts with soap and water
– Flush splashes to the nose, mouth, or skin with water
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SHARPS INJURIES
– Irrigate eyes with clean water, saline, or sterile
irrigants
– Report the incident to your supervisor
– Immediately seek medical treatment
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Housekeeping
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Regulated waste is to be placed in
containers which are closable, constructed
to contain all contents and prevent leakage,
appropriately labeled or color-coded and
closed prior to removal to prevent spillage
or protrusion of contents during handling.
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Signs and Labels
Regulated waste is to be placed in
containers which are designated for use in
biohazard disposal.
 These containers may be bags, sharps
containers, or bins.
 All containers should be color coded red or
labeled with the universal biohazard
symbol
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Signs and Labels
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Examples of Biohazard symbol.
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Hepatitis B Vaccination
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The Hepatitis B Vaccination is available at no
cost to employees. It is offered after initial
employee training and within 10 days of initial
assignment, to all employees identified in the
exposure determination section of this plan.
Vaccination is encouraged unless:
– Documentation exists that the employee already
received the vaccine.
– Antibody testing reveals the employee is immune.
– Medical evaluation shows that vaccination is
contraindicated.
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Hepatitis B Vaccination
If an employee declines the vaccination,
the employee must sign a declination form.
Employees who decline may request and
obtain the vaccination at a later date at no
cost.
 Vaccination on campus is provided by the
McGrath Health and Wellness Center.
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Workplace Exposure Procedures
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An exposure incident occurs if the
employee has eye, mouth, or other mucous
membrane, non-intact skin or percutaneous
(penetrating the skin) contact with blood or
other potentially infectious material in a
work situation, or in the performance of
their job duty.
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Workplace Exposure Procedures
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Post-exposure evaluation or follow-up will
be conducted for all employees who have
had an exposure incident, and will be
conducted in accordance with Xavier’s
Exposure Control Plan and Centers for
Disease Control guidelines.
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Workplace Exposure Procedures
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Following an occupational exposure to
blood or body fluids through sharp object
injury or mucous membrane contact:
– Immediate Site Management
Skin/sharp object injury – cleanse immediately
with warm soapy water.
 Mouth – Rinse mouth well with copious amounts
of water or rinse well with mouth wash.
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Workplace Exposure Procedures
Report Injury to Supervisor
 Complete written report of the injury
(Bloodborne Pathogen Evaluation of an
Exposure Incident)
 Report to appropriate medical facility for
follow-up. This should be done
immediately as time is critical.
 The supervisor will contact the McGrath
Health and Wellness Center, and the
Environmental Health and Safety office.
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Workplace Exposure Procedures
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Following a report of an exposure incident,
the employee will immediately be given a
confidential medical evaluation and
follow-up.
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Post Training Quiz

The online module is now complete. To
complete the session please return to the
home page and select quiz. Please print
the quiz, complete it, and forward to your
supervisor.
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