Transcript The immune system project - Town of Mansfield, Connecticut

The immune system project
By Rachel S., Justin S., Jeff M., and
Matt B.
definitions
• Macrophages- they are the garbage men of
the immune system eating any invader that
enters the blood stream.
• Helper T-cells- a subset of T-cells that carry
the T4 marker and are essential for turning
on antibody production. (it recognizes the
“bad guys”)
B-cells
• - a type of white blood cell. They mature
into plasma cells which can produce
antibody proteins necessary to fight off
infections.
Killer T-cells and suppressor
T-cells
• Killer T-Cells: kill the invaders which are
slowed down by antibodies.
• Suppressor T-cells: inhibit the responses of
b-cells and other antigens (calls an end to
the war).
Lymphnodes and Thymus glands
• Lymphnodes: Bean shaped organs that
filters out bacteria.
• Thymus Gland: A primary organ high in the
chest where Lymphocytes mature.
Antibodies and antigens
• Antibodies: protein molecules produced by
b-cells as a primary immune defense
• Antigens: A substance that when introduced
to the body provokes the production of an
antibody.
Memory T-cells
• These cells remember a disease so they
know how to attack it if it ever tries to
attack again.
How each part of the immune
system interacts
Justin Samuels
Bacterias and Viruses
By Matthew Brvenik
Macrophages
• These cells are phagocytes, or eating cells.
They are found in all tissues and act as
voracious eaters. These cells are the front
line of defense and eat the enemy and dead
body cells.
Helper T-cells
• This is the next line of defense. They roam
the body and command the other cells in the
immune system to go fight a “war”. The
helper t-cell can communicate with the
phagocytes, B-cells, and killer T-cells to tell
them to replicate and then go to fight.
B-cells
• B-cells are 3rd in defense and are found in
lymphnodes. There, B-cells can replicate
and turn into plasma cells after they mature.
Plasma cells help by producing chemical
antibodies making 10,000 molecules per
second.
Killer T-cells
• As the next line in defense, killer T-cells
destroy cells in the body that have been
invaded by foreign organisms. The cells
then eject enzymes which eat away the
infected cell
Suppressor T-cells
• This cell stops or slows down the activity of
b-cells and other T-cells
Memory T-cells
• This last cell helps by remembering the
virus so if the invader tries to attack again
they will know how to beat it.
Lymphnodes
• Battles occur in this place. They are located
all over the body.
Thymus gland
• Where T-cells go to learn a specific job. It’s
like school inside your body.
Ebola Virus
• A severe, often fatal disease
• Named after the river in Zaire
• Exact origin of the virus is unknown
• Occurs in Congo, Gabon, Sudan, Ivory Coast,
Uganda
Ebola Virus (Continued)
Time Frame
Symptoms that occur Symptoms that occur
in most Ebola patients in some Ebola patients
Within a few days of
high fever, headache, sore throat, hiccups,
becoming infected with muscle aches,
rash, red and itchy
the virus:
eyes, vomiting blood,
stomach pain,
bloody diarrhea
fatigue, diarrhea
Within one week of
chest pain, shock,
becoming infected with
and death
the virus:
blindness, bleeding
Marburg Virus
• A rare, severe type of fever virus that affects
humans and non-human primates
• It, like Ebola, is also unknown, but thought
to be in West Kenya
• 25% fatal
Marburg Virus(Continued)
• Symptoms
– After an incubation period of 5-10 days, the onset
of the disease is sudden and is marked by fever,
chills, and headache. Around the fifth day after the
onset of symptoms, a rash may occur. After that,
Nausea, Vomiting, chest pain, a sore
throat,abdominal pain, and diarrhea may then
appear.
Respiratory Syncitial Virus
• Common cause of serious respiratory infections
• Happen in small children as well as the elderly
• 126,300 hospitalized annually in the U.S. by
RSV
• Major problem in Native Alaska
Bacterias
Lyme Disease
• Named after Old Lyme, CT
• Disease caused by infectious tick bites- bacteria
transmitted
• IXODES ticks (black legged) are responsible
• found in New England, Mid- Atlantic, etc
Meningococcal Disease (Meningitis)
• Infection that surrounds back and fluid in
spine
• Caused by a viral or bacterial
Meningitis (Continued)
• High fever, headache, and stiff neck are
common symptoms of meningitis in
anyone over the age of two years. Other
symptoms may include nausea, vomiting,
discomfort looking into bright lights,
confusion, and sleepiness.
Escherichia Coli (E. Coli)
• An emerging cause of foodborne illness
• 73,000 cases of infection and 61 deaths
occur in the U.S. every year
• Infection often leads to bloody diarrhea, and
occasionally to kidney failure
Vaccines
By Jeff Mcavoy
• Vaccines are a weakened or dead virus that
is injected into your body
Vaccines put the virus in us.
Then our b-cells make antibodies so
when the live virus enters our bodies we
can recognize and destroy it
• Vaccines are made in many ways. For
instance, the flu vaccine is made by
growing the virus in a chicken egg.