Transcript The Global Polio Eradication Initiative

Veterinarians at CDC
Jennifer Gordon Wright, DVM, MPH, DACVPM
Auburn University, 1998
[email protected]
Presentation Today
Why veterinarians and public health?
How I came to be where I am
Opportunities for employment
Veterinarians at CDC
How can you start a career in the
federal or state government?
Public Health
“ is what we, as a society, do
collectively to assure the
conditions in which people can be
healthy.”
Institute of Medicine, The Future of Public Health, 1988
Serving the Nation in All
Components of the
Veterinary Oath
Being admitted to the profession of
veterinary medicine, I solemnly swear to use
my scientific knowledge and skills for the
benefit of society through the protection of
animal health, the relief of animal suffering,
the conservation of animal resources, the
promotion of public health, and the
advancement of medical knowledge.
Links Between Human and Animal Health
Foodborne
Disease
Antibiotic
Resistance
Emerging
Diseases
Bio- AgroTerrorism
Mental Health
Injuries
Environmental
Health
Occupational
Health
Emerging and Re-emerging Zoonoses,
1996–2005
Recent outbreaks
Multidrug resistant Salmonella
Influenza / Madagascar
Cryptosporidiosis
West Nile Virus
Hantavirus pulmonary
syndrome
Lyme Borreliosis
Leptospirosis
Venezuelan
Equine Encephalitis
E.coli
O157 / Afghanistan, Iran
CCHF
Tularemia /E.coli
USA,non-O157
Kosovo
Nv-CJD
Brucellosis
Yellow fever / Ivory
Coast
West
Nile
Brucellosis / Mongolia
E. coli 0157 / Canada
Reston virus
Hantavirus / US
BSE-vCJD/ UK
Nipah virus / Malaysia
Lassa fever
Avian Influenza / Hong Kong
Rift valley
Yellow
Westfever
Nile / USA, Canada
Fever
Ebola
/ Gabon, Congo
Ebola
BSE /Canada Monkeypox
Monkeypox / DRC/ US
Equine
SARS / Global
morbillivirus
Avian Influenza H5N1
E.coli O157
NV-CJD
Influenza A(H5N1)
Reston Virus
Hendra virus
Nipah Virus
Ross River
virus
Veterinarians Preventing Zoonoses in
Clinical Practice
Rabies
Ascarids and Hookworms
Toxoplasmosis
Cat Scratch Fever
Salmonellosis
Scabies, ringworm
Brucellosis; Undulant fever
Psittacosis
Tick-borne diseases
Other
The long and winding road…
Bachelor of Science in Microbiology, Auburn
University
• Interest in working at CDC, but in what capacity?
DVM from Auburn University, 1998
• Planned a career in small animal practice
• Turning point – a lecture in sophomore PH
lecture about a human case of plague
Went into practice for a few years
• Found the EIS program while searching the web
for jobs
Began MPH work in 2000, worked at CDC
Entered EIS in July 2002
History of CDC
1946 - Communicable Disease Center
founded in Atlanta by Dr Joseph W Mountin
400 employees, mostly engineers and
entomologists working on malaria
prevention
• Original focus on vectorborne and
zoonoses
Growing awareness that expansion to all
communicable diseases was necessary
CDC in 1944
Return to top.
History of CDC
continued
1950 – Korean War –threat of biological
warfare loomed
• Dr Alexander Langmuir – emphasis on
epidemiology and surveillance to
guard against threats to public health
• Created CDC’s Epidemic Intelligence
Service (EIS)
 “Disease Detectives”
Key CDC Successes
1955: Surveillance data used to trace polio
and influenza epidemics, leading to
national guidelines for use of vaccines
1962 – 1977: Global smallpox eradication
Mid 1970s – 1980s: Identified the cause of
Legionnaires Disease and toxic-shock
syndrome
1981: Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome first mentioned in MMWR
CDC today
One of 13 components of DHHS
>8000 employees
• Headquarters – Atlanta, Morgantown, Ft. Collins,
Cincinnati, Hyattsville
• State health departments
International reputation
Applies research and findings to improve daily
lives
Respond to health emergencies
Not just infectious diseases
• Chronic diseases, injuries, workplace hazards,
disabilities, environmental health threats
CDC in 2006
“ The function of developing and protecting health must rank even
above that of restoring it when it is impaired. “ Hippocrates
How CDC operates
Jurisdiction over:
• Cruise ships docking
in US ports
• Importation of
people/animals with
communicable
disease
Otherwise, need
invitation of the
state or reservation
to assist
Veterinarians at CDC
As of December 2005
State Health Departments (14)
Reproductive Health (1)
Bioterrorism (2)
Injury Prevention (1)
AIDS/STD (8)
Bacterial Diseases (10)
Immunizations (2)
Environmental Health (12)
Quarantine (2)
Office of the Director (6)
USDA liaisons (2)
Viral Diseases (13)
Parasitic Diseases (5)
Vectorborne Diseases (4)
Laboratory Animal Issues (7)
NIOSH (4)
Veterinarians at CDC
Epidemiologists
Laboratory animal veterinarians
Laboratory research
Health Educators
Epidemiologists
EIS program
Outbreak investigations
Research and surveillance
Policy recommendations
What is the EIS Program?
Epidemic Intelligence Service (aka “Disease
Detectives”)
Established in 1951
Mission: To prevent & control communicable
diseases
A 2 year training program in applied
epidemiology
Domestic and International Service
• Respond to Requests for Epidemiologic Assistance
EIS
continued
55-75 officers, 6-9% are veterinarians
Applications are due in October for the
following year’s class
Additional training or experience in
public health encouraged prior to
application
http://www.cdc.gov/eis/about/about.htm
Where do EIS Officers Train?
TB in
in immigrants
immigrants
Lead screening
Legionnaires'
Lead
screening
Disease/Norwalk virus
Copper
drinkingwater
water
Copper
inindrinking
Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis
E. coli
E.
West Nile
Virus/Anthrax
Bombing
Forest
Fires
Hanta Virus
Virus
Hanta
Hurricane Hugo
Cyclosporiasis
Cyclosporiasis
Malaria Hurricanes Norwalk Virus
Malaria
Polio Eradication: Ghana and Nepal
Cost of effectiveness of Brucella vaccine,
Egypt
Tularemia outbreak, Martha’s Vineyard
Oral Rabies Vaccine Effectiveness
Q fever outbreak, Bosnia-Herzegovina
Collecting bats in the Philippines,
1998
Sept 11, 2001 – New York City
Anthrax letters, 2001
FMD Surveillance, UK May 2001
Serosurvey of
sheep to lift
quarantine in
infected areas
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Arizona,
2004
Norwalk virus outbreaks on cruise ships,
2002
Monkeypox
Outbreak,
2003
E. coli Outbreaks in Petting Zoos
Response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita,
2005
Collecting swamp water for Leptospirosis
testing, Florida, 2005
Laboratory Animal Veterinarians
Care for CDC research animals
• Horses, non-human primates, rabbits, ferrets, etc
Instrumental during Monkeypox outbreak
for arranging transport of potentially
infected animals from the Midwest for
testing purposes
Laboratory animal medicine
residency/board certification desirable, but
not 100% necessary to work in the office
Laboratory research
Influenza, Salmonella, E. coli, parasitic
diseases, as a few examples
Additional schooling – MS or PhD
necessary to assist in most laboratories
Emerging Infectious Diseases Fellowship
Health Educators
Healthy Pets, Healthy People website
Consultations to TV shows
• Publicize important health messages
• “House MD” – message on 3/7 episode regarding
risks of eating unpastuerized cheese
Prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary
curriculum
Develop educational activities around
outbreak investigation/research findings
Student/Recent Graduate
Opportunities
State and local health departments
Opportunities with USDA, FDA
Public Health Service co-step program*
CDC - Summer student employment
CDC – Epidemiology elective
Emerging Infectious Diseases fellowship
http://www.cdc.gov/phtrain/
*currently limited opportunities due to budget
Epidemiology Elective
http://www.cdc.gov/eis/applyeis/elective.htm
September through June
6-8 weeks
Defined project, often a chance to assist with
outbreak investigations
Deadline: May 30th of your Junior year
No financial support for living expenses,
etc; support for investigation related travel
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Fellowship
1 year program
Field of degree must in some way be
applicable to research program
US Citizens only
Application deadline is mid-February
each year
Must be graduating before start
fellowship
Personnel Systems
Civil Service
Commissioned Corps of US Public
Health Service
Military Services (Air Force, Army)
Fellows
Contractors
USPHS
Com Corps Veterinarians
Who are we and what do we do?
How do you get a job with the Com
Corps of the Public Health
Service?
What are our roles?
Emergency Response Force for the Nation
Appointment Process
Step 1: PHS Application
Step 2: Identify vacancy
Step 3: Accept offer
Step 4: Call to
active duty
Summary
Exciting career opportunities at CDC
exist for veterinarians
About 35-40% of CDC veterinarians are
PHS officers
Training programs are important entry
points
• EIS class is a great entry point
• Epidemiology elective – invaluable
experience
• Additional education (MS, MPH, PhD) a plus
[email protected]
Acknowledgments
Nina Marano, CDC
Marguerite Pappaniou, U Minn
Jennifer McQuiston, CDC
Diane Gross, CDC
Marta Guerra, CDC
Steve McLaughlin, CDC
Kristy Murray, U Texas - Houston
Paul Arguin, CDC
Joel Montgomery, CDC
Kathy Perdue, NIH
Linda Demma, CDC