Transcript Bloodborne Pathogen in the Workplace

Bloodborne
Pathogens In
The Workplace
This training is designed to
provide a basic
understanding of
bloodborne pathogens,
common routes of entry,
methods of prevention,
and other pertinent
information.
AGENDA
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What Are Bloodborne Pathogens
Where Are They Found
What is Hepatitis
A Closer Look At Hepatitis and HIV
Routes Of Entry
Protecting Yourself
Should I Help An Injured Worker
What If I Am Exposed
Misconceptions
Response Kits
What Are Bloodborne
Pathogens?
Microorganisms in the bloodstream that can cause
disease. Bloodborne Pathogens primarily attack the
liver; however, they may attribute to many other
diseases such as malaria and syphilis.
Where Are They Found?
Blood and Potentially Infectious Materials:
In blood and blood products to include:
Semen
Vaginal Secretions
Breast Milk
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Synovial Fluid
Amniotic Fluid
and other body fluids
A Closer Look at Hepatitis and HIV
Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and HIV
Hepatitis A (HAV) - 47% of Hepatitis cases
Hepatitis B (HBV) - 34% of Hepatitis cases
Hepatitis C (HCV) - 16% of Hepatitis cases
Hepatitis D (HDV) - 4% of Hepatitis HBV cases (co-infection)
Hepatitis E (HEV) - Rarely reported in the United States
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - 0.4% chance of
contracting HIV in a workplace environment.
Source - CDC, Acute Viral Hepatitis, by Type, United States,
1982-1993
What Is Hepatitis?
An inflammation of the liver, usually due to
acute viral infection, primarily of the liver,
occurring in three or more forms.
For example: Symptoms of Hepatitis B (HBV)
-Yellow Eyes & Skin (Jaundice)
-Abdominal pain
-Fever and Vomiting
-Dark Urine
-Fatigue
Hepatitis A (HAV)
Transmitted via contaminated food or water
which contains fecal matter. There is a vaccine
to prevent HAV.
Two types HAV • Infectious (transmitted person to person by the
fecal-oral route) or
• Serum (transmitted by transfusion of blood
products)
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Transmitted by injections transporting a
virus-bearing serum, most often during
blood transfusions and by contaminated
needles and syringes.
• Hepatitis B is transmitted primarily through "blood to
blood" contact.
• Hepatitis B virus is very durable, and it can survive in
dried blood for up to seven days. This virus is the
primary concern for housekeepers, custodians, laundry
personnel and other employees who may come in
contact with blood or potentially infectious materials in a
non first-aid or medical care situation.
Hepatitis C (HCV)
Transmitted in blood or body fluids. No
vaccination exists for HCV.
Chronic liver disease develops in about 70% of
persons who become infected with HCV and
nearly all (85%-100%) persons with acute HCV
infection become persistently infected; these
persons are at risk for developing cirrhosis and
liver cancer
Hepatitis D (HDV)
One of the newer types. Transmitted
primarily through injected drug use and sexual contact.
Prevention:
Education to reduce risk behaviors
for those with chronic HBV
infection
Hepatitis E (HEV)
Transmitted in contaminated drinking water.
Most cases in U.S. are from persons returning
from areas with high exposure.
Currently no treatment for HEV.
Symptoms of acute hepatitis E are similar to those of
other types of viral hepatitis and include abdominal
pain, anorexia, dark urine, fever, hepatomegaly,
jaundice, malaise, nausea, and vomiting.
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
The virus that causes AIDS. HIV attacks the
immune system, making the body less able to
fight off infections. No vaccine exist, and most
cases prove fatal.
It is primarily of concern to employees providing first
aid or medical care in situations involving fresh
blood or other potentially infectious materials. It is
estimated that the chances of contracting HIV in a
workplace environment are only 0.4%.
Because it is such a devastating disease, all
precautions must be taken to avoid exposure.
How Can A Bloodborne
Disease Be Transmitted In the
Workplace?
Bloodborne pathogens such as HBV and HIV can be
transmitted through contact with infected human blood
and other potentially infectious body fluids ….
People infected with these pathogens
may appear healthy and not even
know they’re infected. They can still
infect others. Although HBV, HCV and
HIV are mainly transmitted through
sexual contact and sharing needles,
any situation in which blood is
present in the work environment is an
area of concern.
Routes Of Entry
Blood or other infectious material could enter
your system through these routes of entry:
• Unprotected opening in the skin
• Unprotected mucus membrane openings
• Penetration of the skin
Mishaps in the workplace can spread bloodborne
pathogens. Depending on the mishap, an injured
worker’s blood could contaminate broken glass, a
work surface, tools or clothing. If you have contact
with a contaminated object, you could become
infected.
Accidental puncture from contaminated needles and other
sharps can result in transmission of bloodborne
pathogens.
Protecting Yourself
W e a r G lo v e s
I f c o n t a c t w it h b lo o d , o t h e r b o d y f lu id s o r c o n t a m in a t e d o b je c t is lik e ly a lw a y s
w e a r g lo v e s . R e m e m b e r , g lo v e s m a y n o t p r o t e c t y o u w h e n p ic k in g u p s h a r p
it e m s s u c h a s n e e d le s o r b r o k e n g la s s . P ic k u p b r o k e n g la s s w it h t o n g s , o r u s e
a b ro o m a n d d u s tp a n .
W ash Y our H ands
A f t e r r e m o v in g g lo v e s , e n s u r e y o u w a s h t h o r o u g h ly .
P ro te c t Y o u r F a c e
W e a r a m a s k a n d e y e p r o t e c t io n , o r a f u ll f a c e s h ie ld if f lu id s c o u ld s p la s h o r
s p r a y in t o y o u r e y e s , n o s e o r m o u t h .
P ro te c t Y o u r B o d y
W e a r a n a p r o n o r g o w n if f lu id s c o u ld s p la s h o r d r ip o n t o y o u r c lo t h in g . I f f lu id
p e n e t r a t e s t h e a p r o n o r g o w n , c h a n g e it a s s o o n a s p o s s ib le .
P ro te c t Y o u r M o u th
U s e a r e s u s c it a t io n d e v ic e o r p o c k e t
r e s u s c it a t io n m a s k w h e n p r o v id in g
r e s c u e b r e a t h in g
C le a n in g S p ills
W ip e u p s p ille d b lo o d o r o t h e r b o d y f lu id s
w it h d is p o s a b le t o w e ls s o a k e d in a n
a p p r o v e d d is in f e c t a n t o r b le a c h a n d w a t e r
s o lu t io n ( w e a r g lo v e s ) .
Should I Help An
Injured Worker?
“Universal Precautions”
Can Help You LIVE!!!
“Universal precautions” mean always treating
everyone’s blood and other body fluids as
infectious. This precaution is governed by
the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
1910.1030 applies to any worker potentially exposed to BBP.
Bloodborne Pathogen
Response Kits
Response kits are located _____.
They contain all protective items
needed to clean up area where blood or body
fluids are present. Know the location of the
response kits for your work center.
NOTE: The kits are identified with the wording
“Bloodborne Pathogen Response Kit”.
What If I’m Exposed?
If you are inadvertently exposed to blood or
other bodily fluids:
1. Wash the exposed area immediately with soap
and running water for 20 minutes.
2. If cut by an item which has blood on it, try to
save the item for contamination testing.
3. Promptly report the incident to your supervisor.
4. Seek medical attention during normal duty hours
at ________________.
During non-duty hours, seek medical attention at the
emergency room at __________________.
Misconceptions
The increasing incidence of AIDS has
caused fears that have developed
into misconceptions. HIV cannot be
passed on by casual contact. Therefore, you cannot get HIV by:
- Sharing food, drinking glasses or towels
- From sinks or toilets
- Sharing PPE such as goggles or respirators
- Insect bites such as mosquitoes
Proper hygiene practices, such as disinfecting a respirator after use
should be a standard work practice.
There is no documented evidence showing HIV having been
transmitted through dried blood; however, HBV can be.
Presentation created by:
TSgt White, 633 AMSS Safety, USAF
Revised for U.S. Army, March 1999 by:
Dennis Keplinger, CSP, USASC, Tng Div
[email protected]