Transcript Diseases Associated with Adolescence

Diseases Associated with Adolescence
Pathophysiology
Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
• Kyphosis – hunchback
– Etiol = osteoporosis, TB, posture
• Lordosis – swayback
– Etiol = obesity, posture
• Scoliosis – lateral curvature
– Etiol = genetic, idiopathic (f >m), congenital (from
developmental defects)
• Osteomyelitis
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Common from trauma (especially to young males)
Freq site = metaphysis of femur & tibia
Etiol = pathogen (staph aureus)
Serious illness
Needs aggressive management
• Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)
• Marked onset with primarily large joints
• Incidence = 1:1000 children
– 5% of cases of RA are in children
• Etiol = autoimmune
• Prognosis = positive (50% remission)
• Clinically
– Large joints
– Chronic uveitis
– Rheumatoid nodules not only in subcutaneous skin layer but
in organs
– Subluxation and ankylosis of cervical spine
Eating Disorders
• Anorexia nervosa
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Primarily females
Smart, over-achievers
Exercise “freaks”
Element of secondary gain
Etiol--- ? hypothalamic
dysfunction
• Fear of eating
– Get forced vomiting
– Get forced bm’s
• Get symptoms of severe
malnutrition
• Bulimia nervosa
• Binge eating followed by
purging
• Usually patients
maintain normal weight
• Problems
– Teeth enamel
– Esophagitis
Skin Disorders
• Acne vulgaris
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Commonest skin disease
Increased activity of sebaceous glands with viscous sebum
Get comedomes (whiteheads & blackheads)
Get pimples (folliculitis)
– These rupture & get bacterial invasion with pustules
Infections
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Etiol = Epstein- Barr virus (EBV)
» Part of herpes family
• Transmitted by:
– Saliva thus “kissing disease”
– Airborne droplets
– Blood
• Goes to lymphoid tissue & targets b-lymphocytes
– Normal B cells produce antibodies
– Get massive increase in killer T’s (CD8) to clean up the mess
» Some become abnormal (larger)
Diseases Affecting Sexual Development
• Chromosomal disorders
• Klinefelter’s syndrome
– Males with XXY
» Dx = atrophic testicles at puberty
• Turner’s syndrome
– Females with only 45 chromosomes (XO)
» One missing X chromosome
» No secondary sex characteristics develop
• Testicular tumors
• Malignancy in teenagers
• Usually unilateral
• Menstrual abnormalities
• Amenorrhea
• Dysmenorrhea