Transcript DEFINISI ZOONOSIS

LECTURE NOTES ON
ZOONOSIS
DEFINITION AND TERMINOLOGY
 CLASSIFICATION
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EXAMPLE OF ZOONOSIS PARASITIC
Departement of Parasitology
DEFINITION OF ZOONOSIS
Zoonosis is a group of diseases
commonly found among
vertebrate animal capable of
infecting human, and vice-versa.
Based on this definition, 2 group
of classification are known:
zooanthroponosis and
anthropozoonosis.
Zoonotic Parasitology
Copyright 2010. PEER.tamu.edu
In simple term
A
zoonotic disease is any disease
which may be passed from animals
to people or from people to
animals (According to the CDC*)
CDC: U.S. Communicable Disease Center
Some Facts about
Zoonotic Diseases
 Approximately
60% of all human
pathogens are zoonotic
 75% of emerging infectious diseases
have an animal origin
 Growing need for veterinarians and
physicians to work together
Parasites and Animals
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Many methods of parasite transmission to
people involve animals
Classification of
zoonosis by Cause
CLASSIFICATION OF ZOONOSIS
BASED ON ITS CAUSE
Viral
Zoonosis
– Bacterial Zoonosis
–fungal/mycotic
Zoonosis
• Parasitic Zoonosis
Causes of Zoonotic Disease
Bacteria
Fungi
Virus
Parasites
ZOONOSIS CAUSED VIRUS
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EBOLA
JAPANESE
ENCEPHALITIS
CRIMEAN-CONGO
HEMORRHAGIC
FEVER
NIPAH FEVER
MARBURG DISEASE
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KOREAN
HEMORRHAGIC
FEVER (SONG-GO)
RABIES
WEST NILE
ENCEPHALITIS
RIFT VALLEY FEVER
BACTERIAL ZOONOSIS
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ANTHRAX
LYME DISEASE
Q FEVER
BRUCELLOSIS
LEPTOSPIROSIS
BARTONELLOSIS
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PORCINE
ERYSIPELAS
LISTERIOSIS
PSITTACOSIS
SALMONELLOSIS
STREPTOCOCCOSIS
MELIOIDOSIS
CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITIC ZOONOSIS
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ZOONOSIS BY PARASITIC
PROTOZOA
 ZOONOSIS BY PARASITIC
HELMINTHES
 ZOONOSIS BY ECTOPARASITES
ZOONOSIS BY PARASITIC PROTOZOA
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BALANTIDIASIS
CRYPTOSPORIDIASIS
GIARDIASIS
PNEUMOCYSTOSIS
SARCOSPORIDIOSIS
TOXOPLASMOSIS
ZOONOSIS BY HELMINTHES
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ANGYOSTRONGYLIASIS
ASCARIASIS SUUM
DIPYLIDIASIS
DIROFILARIASIS
FASCIOLIASIS
HYDATIDOSIS
HYMENOLEPIASIS
LARVA MIGRANS
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LINGUATULIASIS
PHYSALOPTERIASIS
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
SPARGANOSIS
STRONGYLOIDIASIS
TAENIASIS SAGINATA
TRICHINOSIS
TRICHSTRONGYLIDIASIS
ZOONOSIS BY
ECTOPARASITES
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ACARIASIS
 MYIASIS
 SCABIES
 INFESTATION BY TICKS DAN MITES
Vector-borne Parasites
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A vector is an agent which transfers a
parasite from one host to another
 Typical parasite vectors: fleas, ticks, mites,
mosquitoes, flies, and other insects
 People become infected when a vector picks
up the parasite from an infected animal and
infects a human
CONTACT BETWEEN EPIZOOTIC CYCLE
AMONG PRIMATES AND MAN
Epizootic
Cycle
Zoonotic
Cycles
Parasites carried by Vectors
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Many parasites that are carried by vectors
are often found in the blood of humans and
animals
Trypanosoma Cruzi
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Causes Chagas disease.
 Damage to heart, digestive tract, and brain (in children).
 Spread by the “Kissing Bug,”
native to South America and the southern US
 The bug bites the human then defecates next to the wound.
Rubbing bite wound spreads parasite into the wound.
 Parasite can cycle from animals like armadillos, raccoons,
opossums, and foxes to bugs to humans.
Chagas Disease & The “Kissing
Don’t Kiss
ME!!!
Bug”
Trypanosoma cruzi
in the blood
Kissing Bug found in
Texas
Babesia
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Intracellular protozoa found in red blood
cells
If you play around
trees, check your
 Spread by infected Ticks
head and body for
me!!
Leishmania
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Unlike Babesia and Chagas Disease,
Leishmania live in tissue and not the blood
 Spread through the bite of an infected
Sandfly*
*common on Caribbean beaches
Leishmania
Human foot
Waterborne Parasites
 Spread
when humans come into
contact with water that has been
contaminated by an infected
animal
 Common waterborne parasites
include
– Giardia
– Cryptosporidium
Giardia & Cryptosporidium
Giardia & Cryptosporidium
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Get from swallowing water contaminated by
another infected human or animal
Giardia is the 2nd most common parasitic
disease in people
Cryptosporidium is the most common cause of
diarrhea from swimming
Both can cause severe diarrhea
Gross!!! Don’t
drink the water
your swimming
in!!!
How Do People Get Parasites
Methods of Parasite
I need to
WASH MY
Transmission
HANDS!!!
 Insect
bites
 Animal feces
 Handling raw meat and fish
 Handling cat litter boxes
 Contaminated fruits and vegetables
 Infected food handlers
 Contaminated water
 Contact with an infected person
Broad Categories of Transmission
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Vectorborne (insects)
 Waterborne
 Fecal Oral Transmission
 Contaminated Meat
Fecal-Oral Transmission
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Most common way people become infected
with zoonotic parasites
 Parasites are spread to humans when they
ingest the eggs from the feces of an infected
I don’t
animal
feel so
 Parasites spread by fecal oral transmissiongood
generally live in the intestinal tract
Spread by Fecal Oral Transmission
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Hookworms
 Roundworms
 Hydatid Disease
 Toxoplasmosis
Hookworms & Roundworms
They are like
monsters!!!!
Hookworms & Roundworms
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Carried by dogs and
cats
 Kids often get infected
from playing in sand
boxes which animals
have defecated
 Or by putting toys in
their mouth which
have been on the
ground
Hookworms
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Can penetrate the skin
and gain entry into the
human body
 Bare feet are a
common route of entry
Wearing shoes is one of the best
ways to prevent parasites from
entering your feet!!!
Hydatid Disease
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After Humans consume the eggs passed by
dogs the worms can form huge cysts in the
body
Toxoplasmosis
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How many have of you
have heard that pregnant
women shouldn’t clean cat
litter boxes?
That is because of the
potential for them to
contract Toxoplasmosis
which can cause them to
lose their unborn child.
Toxoplasmosis
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Even though it is commonly associated with
pregnancy and litter boxes, toxoplasmosis is
more commonly transmitted through
undercooked meat
 According to the CDC toxoplasmosis is the
3rd leading cause of foodborne related deaths
Order your
in the US
food to be
cooked all
the way!!
Contaminated Meat
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Meat can be contaminated with harmful
bacteria and can also contain parasitic cysts
which may infect people.
 Common Parasites Found in Meat
– Toxoplasmosis
– Trichinella
– Taenia
– Gnathostomosis
Trichinosis & Taenia
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Both caused by eating
cysts in undercooked
pork or beef
 Incidence rate has
decreased with better
animal management
and slaughter protocol
 Fully cook your meat!
Cysticercosis
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If a person consumes
Taenia eggs they can
develop cysts in their
brain!
Gnathostomosis
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Similar to Taenia and Trichonosis, but
gnathostomosis is found in raw fish
 What area do you think this disease is most
common?
Asia
Cutaneus Larva Migrans
(Creeping Eruption)
Morphology of Gnathostoma spinigerum
So How Can You Protect
Yourself?
Preventing Zoonotic Parasites
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Brainstorm some ways we can prevent
them…
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Always wash your hands
Keep sand boxes covered
Wear shoes
Pick up animal feces when possible
Don’t drink untreated water
Cook meat thoroughly
Summary
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Zoonotic parasites have many routes of
transmission to people
– Vectors
– Water
– Fecal Contamination
– Infected Meat
References
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http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/default.htm
 http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/dxendopar/
index.html
 www.nih.gov
 www.nsf.gov
 www.floridahealthfinder.gov
Thank you
Terimakasih