New Emerging Infectious Diseases

Download Report

Transcript New Emerging Infectious Diseases

NEW EMERGING AND
REEMERGING DISEASES •
Definitions
•New Emerging infectious diseases
newly identified or
previously unknown infections
•Re-emerging infectious diseases
re-appearance of, or increase in number of,
infections from a disease previously known
2
New Emerging Infectious Diseases:
Definition
Diseases of infectious origin
whose incidence in humans has increased
within the recent past or threatens to increase
in the near future,
including:
previously unknown infectious diseases;
known but appearing in new geographic
areas;
or increase abruptly;
3
4
Infectious Diseases: A World in Transition
5
6
7
•The human species
Continues
to change and to change its surroundings:
the ways we live, work, relax; the places we go;
the foods we eat ...
•The changing nature of our interactions
with each other and with our environment alters
the dynamics of disease epidemiology
and exposes us to new threats.
8
9
10
11
ENVIRONTMENT
12
13
14
15
EMERGING DISEASES ARE NOT NEW TO MANKIND
16
17
NEWLY IDENTIFIED PHATOGENS
(1973- 1989)
1973 Rotavirus
1975 Parvovirus B19
1976 Cryptosporidium parvum
1977 Ebola virus, Legionella pneumophilia,
Hantaan virus, Campylobacter jejuni
1980 HTLV-1
1981 Staphylococcus toxin
1982 E. coli O157, HTLV-2, Borrelia burgdoferi
1983 HIV virus, Helicobacter pylori
1988 HHV-6, Hepatitis E
1989 Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Hepatitis C
18
Newly identified pathogens (1990 - 1999)
1990 Guanarito virus
1991 Encephalitozzon hellem
1992 Vibrio cholerae O139
1992 Bartonella henselae
1993 Sabia virus
1995 Hepatitis G virus
1995 Human herpesvirus-8
1996 TSE causing agent (nvCJD)
1997 Avian influenza (Type A H5N1)
1999 Nipah virus, Avian Influenza H9N1, Stealth viruses
19
Newly identified pathogens (1997 – 2009)
•1998 Nipah encephalitis
•2003 SARS
•2004 Avian influenza H5N1
•2006 Chikungunya- re-emergence
•2009 Pandemic influenza A H1N1
20
Since 1973
39 newly identified pathogens,
examples :
1973 Rotavirus
1977 Ebola virus, Hantaan virus
1980 HTLV-1
1983 HIV virus H pylori
1988 Hepatitis E
1992 Vibrio cholerae O139
1996 Avian influenza A (H5N1)
1999 Nipah virus
2003 SARS
Others re-emerged
Dengue/DHF
Cholera Malaria
Chikungunya
J. Encephalitis
Leptospirosis
N.meningitidis
21
Current estimates1,415 microbes
are infectious for human.
Of these, 868 (61%)
considered zoonotic.
70% of newly recognized pathogens
are zoonoses.
22
Current estimates1,415 microbes are infectious for human.
Of these, 868 (61%) considered zoonotic.
70% of newly recognized pathogens are zoonoses.
23
Risk factors for emerging zoonoses:
close human animal interface in Asia
24
Examples of recent emerging and re-emerging diseases
25
Emergence of HPAI (H5N1)
2003-June 2008 a total of 385 cases with 243 deaths
26
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PROBABLE CASES
27
SARS:
THE FIRST EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE OF THE 21ST CENTURY
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
EMERGENCY DENGUE FEVER/DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55