Transcript std powerpoint

Sexually Transmitted
Infections
What type of STD could
possibly be causing
this to happen?
What is an STI/STD?
 STD stands for sexually transmitted disease.
Sexually transmitted diseases can also be called
sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
 STDs are spread through sexual behavior or
contact. Some STDs are also transmitted through
skin-to-skin contact or body fluids such as blood,
vaginal fluids, breast milk, pre-ejaculate, or semen.
 STDs generally infect the genital area (penis,
scrotum, vulva, and vaginal opening), anus, or
mouth, although they can spread to other parts of
the body if left untreated.
Prevalence
 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are
among the most common infectious
diseases in the United States today.
 More than 20 different STDs have been
identified, and 13 million men and women
are infected each year in the United
States.
 An estimated 1 in 4 sexually active teens
are infected with an STD
What kinds of STDs are out there?

Bacterial infections are caused by a germ or bacteria.
They include Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
These can usually be cured by taking antibiotics.

Viral infections are carried in a person's body and
can't be cured by medicine. They include herpes, HPV,
Hepatitis B and C, and HIV. The symptoms--sores,
warts, or other health problems--can be treated, but
the virus may stay with the person for life, and can be
passed to partners.

Parasitic infections are tiny bugs that live in the pubic
hair and genital area. They include scabies and pubic
lice ("crabs"). They can be spread during sexual
contact and from sharing bath towels, bedding, and
clothing. Scabies and lice are generally eliminated
with prescription soap.
Chlamydia

Most common bacterial STD

No symptoms in 80% of
women and 50% of men

Discharge from the vagina or
the penis, burning or pain
during urination

Transmitted through vaginal,
oral, or anal sexual contact

Ectopic pregnancy and
infertility for women most
serious complications

Treatable with antibiotics
Genital Herpes
 One type of herpes typically causes
cold sores in the mouth, and another
type causes genital sores; however,
each type can cause either type of
infection.
 Recurring outbreaks of blister-like
sores on the genitals
 Can be transmitted from a mother to
her baby during birth
 Reduction in frequency and severity of
blister outbreaks with treatment but
not complete elimination of infection.
Hepatitis A, B, C, & D
 Hepatitis B most often associated with
sexual contact
 Yellowish skin and eyes, fever, achy,
tired, might feel like the flu
 Severe complications, including
cirrhosis and liver cancer
 No cure available, remission possible
with some aggressive medications
 Immunizations available to prevent
hepatitis A and B
Gonorrhea
 Discharge from the vagina or the
penis
 Painful urination
 Ectopic pregnancy and infertility
for women most serious
complications
 Treatable with antibiotics
Syphilis
 Mild symptoms, often goes undetected
initially
 Starts with painless genital ulcer that
goes away on its own
 Rash, fever, headache, achy joints
 Treatable with antibiotics
 More serious complications associated
with later stages of disease if
undetected and untreated
HIV/AIDS
 Spread primarily by sexual contact and from
sharing IV needles
 Can be transmitted at the time a person
becomes infected with other STDs
 Fatigue, night sweats, chills or fever lasting
several weeks, headaches, cough
 No current cure and generally fatal, with death
usually occurring after 2-3 years; medication
available to slow disease progression
HIV/AIDS in NJ









Through December of 2008 New Jersey had reported 54,557 cases of AIDS and
ranked 5th out of the 50 states.
Data for Morris County is available from the state as of December 31, 2009. As of
that date…
There were 1342 total cases of HIV/AIDS reported
Out of those 1342 cases, 640 deaths had occurred
Estimated Rates of Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in New Jersey as of December 31,
2009
One in 62 Black non-Hispanics were living with HIV/AIDS.
One in 184 Hispanics were living with HIV/AIDS.
One in 701 White non-Hispanics were living with HIV/AIDS.
Source: New Jersey HIV/AIDS Reporting System as of December 31, 2009 and
bridged-Race population estimates September 2008.
Pubic Lice
 Very tiny insects living in pubic
hair
 Can be picked up from clothing or
bedding
 First notice itching in the pubic
area
 Treatable with creams, anti-lice
agents, and combing
Scabies
 Skin infection caused by a tiny
mite
 Highly contagious
 Spread primarily by sexual
contact or from contact with skin,
infested sheets, towels, or
furniture
 Treatment with creams
HPV
 100 strains of the virus, 40 live in the genital area and
are sexually transmitted
 75% of sexually active people will contract HPV
during their lifetime
 Spread through skin-to-skin contact and body fluid
 70% of cervical cancers are caused by only two
strains
 90% of genital warts are caused by two different
strains
 Can only be prevented through complete sexual
abstinence
Diagnosis
 Some STDs can be diagnosed without any
tests at all. Other STDs require a blood
test or a sample of any unusual fluid
(such as an abnormal discharge from the
vagina or the penis) to be analyzed in a lab
to help establish a diagnosis.
 Some tests are completed while a person
waits; other tests require a few days before
a person may obtain the results.
Treatment
 The treatment of an STD varies depending
on the type of STD. Some STDs require a
person to take antibiotic medication
either by mouth or by injection; other
STDs require a person to apply creams or
special solutions on the skin. Often,
reexamination by a doctor is necessary
after the treatment to confirm that the STD
is completely gone.
 Some STDs, such as herpes and HIV (which
leads to AIDS), cannot be cured, only
controlled.
Prevention
 Avoid sexual contact with others.
 If people decide to become sexually active, they can reduce the risk of
developing an STD in these ways:
 Be in a monogamous relationship (both sexual partners are each others'
only sexual partner).
 Delay having sexual relations as long as possible. The younger people
are when they become sexually active, the higher the lifetime risk for
contracting an STD. The risk also increases with the number of sexual
partners.
 Correctly and consistently use a male latex condom.
 Have regular checkups.
 Learn the symptoms of STDs.
 Avoid having sex during menstruation.
 Avoid anal intercourse or use a condom.
 Avoid douching.