Transcript Chapter 11

The Nervous System: Integration and Control
 Parts of the Nervous system
 CNS
 PNS
 Nerve cell
 Brain anatomy
 Nervous Disorders
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Components of the Nervous System
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11.1
Principle Parts of Nervous System
 Central nervous system (CNS)
 Components: brain and spinal cord
 Functions: receives, processes, and
transfers information
 Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
 Components: nerves outside CNS
 Sensory neurons: carry information toward
the CNS
 Motor neurons: carry information away from
CNS
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Types of Neurons in the Nervous System
Skin
Receptor
Dendrite
Axon
Muscle
Axon bulb
Axon terminals
Axon
Sensory
neuron
Cell body
Impulse direction
Motor
neuron
Axon hillock
Dendrites
Interneuron
Cell
body
Dendrites
Axon
Cell body
Brain and spinal cord
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11.2
Myelinated Neuron
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11.7a
Summary of Synaptic Transmission
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11.8
Motor Neuron Divisions of PNS—Somatic
Division
 Functions
 Voluntary
 Conscious control of skeletal muscles
 Involuntary
 Spinal reflexes
 Flexor (withdrawal)
 Crossed extensor
 Stretch
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Reflex Arcs
PLAY
Animation—Reflex Arcs
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11.10
Motor Neuron Divisions of PNS—Autonomic
Division
 Controls automatic body functions
 Parasympathetic nervous system
 Sympathetic nervous system
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Somatic and Autonomic Divisions of the PNS
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 11.2
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions
of the Autonomic Nervous System
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11.12 (1 of 2)
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions
of the Autonomic Nervous System
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11.12 (2 of 2)
The Brain
FOREBRAIN
Cerebrum
• Coordinates language
• Controls decision
making
• Produces conscious
thought
Corpus callosum
• Bridges the
two cerebral
hemispheres
Thalamus
• Receives, processes
and transfers
information
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11.15
The Brain
MIDBRAIN
• Relays visual
and auditory
inputs
• Coordinates
movement
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11.15
The Brain
HINDBRAIN
Pons
• Connects cerebellum, spinal cord
with higher brain centers
• Aids medulla in regulating
respiration
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Medulla oblongata
• Controls automatic
functions of
internal organs
Cerebellum
• Controls basic
and skilled
movements
Figure 11.15
The Brain
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11.17 (1 of 2)
The Brain
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11.17 (2 of 2)
Limbic System: Emotions of Fear, Anger,
Sorrow, Love
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11.19
Psychoactive Drugs
 Psychological dependence
 User craves the feeling associated with the
drug
 Tolerance
 Requires more of the substance to achieve
the same affect
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Psychoactive Drugs
 Addiction
 The need to continue obtaining and using a
substance
 No free choice
 Withdrawal
 Physical symptoms that occur upon stopping
the drug
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Disorders of the Nervous System
 Infections
 Viruses or bacteria that manage to pass
through the blood–brain barrier
 Encephalitis
 Inflammation of the brain caused by viral
infection
 Meningitis
 Inflammation of the meninges caused by
viral or bacterial infection
 Rabies
 Infectious viral disease
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Disorders of the Nervous System
 Neural and synaptic transmission
 Epilepsy
 Recurring episodes of abnormal electrical
acitvity
 Parkinson’s disease
 Loss of dopamine-releasing neurons
 Alzheimer’s disease
 Shortage of acetylcholine
 Brain tumors
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.