Transcript the nervous system

THE
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Study the pictures below and answer
the questions that follow.
http://sprtshub.com
http://www.flickr.com/photos/14654539@N03/1507069003
/
Q: Which systems in our body are at work
when we play a sport?
A: Our skeletal, muscular and nervous
systems
Q: How do we know when and where to
move to during a sport?
A: Our nervous system helps us to react to
our surroundings and move according.
Parts and function
of the NERVOUS
SYSTEM
SPINAL CORD
-
about 18 inches long
made of many nerves located around the spine
located inside the vertebral canal
CARRIES MESSAGES TO & FROM THE BRAIN
Protected by the vertebral column
Has vertebral disks
o which absorb shock during activities
o allow spine to flex and extend
SPINAL CORD
NERVE CELL/NEURON
- form a network throughout our body
- send messages to our body parts and receive messages
from our surroundings through the spinal cord
- connected end to end and transmits electrical impulses
from one point to another
-two types : sensory nerves and motor nerves
- Sensory nerves pick up information from our
surroundings
- Motor nerves carry out the actions as a response to an
information
NERVE CELL/NEURON
B R A IN
- soft organ protected by the skull
- controls the entire nervous system
- has the following parts:
B R A IN: CEREBRUM
- biggest part of the brain
- makes up 85% of the brain's weight
- thinking part of the brain
- controls voluntary muscles (the ones that move when you
want them to)
B R A IN: CEREBRUM
http://health.allrefer.com/pictures-images/left-cerebral-hemisphere-function.htm
B R A IN: CEREBRUM
http://health.allrefer.com/pictures-images/right-cerebral-hemisphere-function.h
B R A IN: CEREBELLUM
- is at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum
- only 1/8 of the size of the cerebrum
- controls balance, movement, and coordination (how
muscles work together)
B R A IN: CEREBELLUM
http://health.allrefer.com/pictures-images/cerebellum-function.html
B R A IN: BRAIN STEM
- sits beneath cerebrum and in front of cerebellum
- connects the rest of the brain to spinal cord, which runs
down our neck and back
- controls involuntary muscles (muscles that work
automatically, without you controlling it)
- it sorts through millions of messages that the brain and the
rest of the body send back and forth
B R A IN: BRAIN STEM
http://health.allrefer.com/pictures-images/brainstem-function.html
OTHER BRAIN PARTS
Pituitary gland
• produces and releases hormones
• controls our growth
Hypothalamus
• controls body temperature
• if we feel warm, the hypothalamus tells the body to
produce sweat. If we’re too cold, it gets us shivering
OTHER BRAIN PARTS
http://www.besthealth.com/besthealth/bodyguide/reftext/images/PituitaryGland.jpg
PATH OF MESSAGE
The
sensory
nerves
pick up
the
message
from a
stimulus
Message is
sent as a
nerve
impulse
The
sensory
nerves
bring the
message to
the spinal
cord, then
brain.
The brain
gives a
response
through
the motor
nerves
The motor
nerves
help the
muscles in
carrying
out the
response
action
PATH OF MESSAGE
• Tell the path of message if
– A young boy gets an apple from inside the
refrigerator
Sensory nerves of the eyes
message travels to the brain
via spinal cord
brain decide on an action
message of action travels from brain via the spinal cord
motor nerves of arm
– You hear your mobile phone’s message alert
tone.
How about this?
Reflex
Reflex actions
– Actions to stimulus which are almost
instantaneous
• Stimulus
spinal cord
• Reaction to potential danger
reaction
– Blinking of eyes faster than the approach of a
foreign object
Are the actions of an athlete reflex or common
stimulus response?
COMMON ILLNESSES OF
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Alzheimer’s Disease
- deterioration of memory, thinking, and reasoning
Description/s -usually occurs in old age
gradual loss of memory, lessened ability to perform
routine tasks, disorientation, difficulty in learning,
Symptoms loss of language skills, impairment of judgment and
planning, and mood or behavioral changes
Cure currently no cure
Epilepsy
-result of trauma at the time of birth, such as
insufficient oxygen to the brain or head injury.
Description/s - may be caused by head injury resulting from
accident, alcoholism, infectious diseases such as
measles or mumps, or lead or mercury poisoning
marked by seizures that often involve convulsions
Symptoms or the loss of consciousness
is a recurrent, lifelong condition that must be
Cure managed on a long-term basis
Huntington’s Disease
Description/s Inherited, progressive disease
-uncontrollable physical movements and mental
deterioration.
-symptoms usually appear in people between the
Symptoms ages of thirty and fifty
-include restlessness, twitching, and a desire to
move about
Cure there is no cure and treatment
Migraine
-a particularly intense form of headache lasting
several hours or more
-headaches provoked by a particular stimulus, such
Description/s as stress, loud noises, missed meals, or eating
particular foods.
Symptoms Headaches, nausea, sensitivity to light and/or
sound
Cure
Several drugs may be used to reduce the pain and
severity of a migraine attack.
Multiple Sclerosis
-occurs when the protective coating around the
nerves deteriorates. Nerves become exposed and
directly interferes with the way the brain sends
Description/s signals to the rest of the body. The exposed nerves
become hardened (sclerosis),therefore the body
cannot respond to signals being sent by the brain.
-severe exhaustion, bladder and bowel weakness,
balance and coordination problems, dizziness,
Symptoms vision problems and pain in eyes, muscle stiffness,
weakness, cramps and pain
known cure
Cure -no
- treatment involves management of symptoms
Parkinson’s Disease
-progressive disease in which cells in one of the
Description/s movement-control centers of the brain begin to
die
Symptoms
-nerves and muscles become weak, and control over
speech body movements is lost
-symptoms include tremors (usually beginning in the
hands), slow movements, muscle rigidity or stiffness,
balance problems, decreased eye-blinking, depression,
speech changes, sleep problems, constipation, and
irritability
Cure -currently no cure for or a way to prevent PD
Poliomyelitis/Polio
- infectious viral disease that attacks musclecontrolling nerves that can cause paralysis
-affects children
Description/s -spreads primarily through contact with saliva or
feces of infected person. Virus enters and multiplies
rapidly in the intestines. It enters the bloodstream,
then gains access to the central nervous system
- fever, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, stiff neck
Symptoms and back, and muscle pain
Cure
vaccines were developed to provide the
body immunity to the poliomyelitis virus
Stroke
-occurs when a blood vessel carrying oxygen and
nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a blood
Description/s clot or bursts
-part of the brain is deprived of the blood and
oxygen it needs, so it begins to die
weakness or numbness of one side of the face, arm
Symptoms and/or leg; trouble speaking or understanding;
dizziness, trouble walking or loss of balance.
-Treatment through intake of medicine
Cure -Rehabilitation
-Surgery
Care for the NS
Learn how to cope with emotions.
Have a balanced diet.
Read and write regularly.
Avoid alcohol, drugs and cigarettes.
Exercise caution at work and play.
Sources:
http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/brain.html#
http://www.humanillnesses.com/Behavioral-Health-A-Br/The-Brain-and-Nervous-System.html
http://www.faqs.org/health/Body-by-Design-V2/The-Nervous-System-Ailments-what-can-gowrong-with-the-nervous-system.html