Transcript Health EOC Final Review

Health EOC Final Review
Day 1
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Maslow
GAS
Fitness
Nutrition
Conservation
Review Questions
• Who is Abraham Maslow? What did he study? What
did he create? What is his theory behind his hierarchy?
• What are the three forms of communication
• What is stress, and what is a stressor?
• What is the difference between Eustress & Distress?
• How can stress effect a person’s physical health?
• How do you find total calories per package of food
• What are the 5 components of Fitness
• What is a renewable resource
#1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
#2-5: STRESS
– 2. Stress: the body’s and minds response to a demand
– 3. stressor: any situation that puts a demand on the
body or mind
• Environmental, biological, thinking, behavioral, life change
– 4. eustress: a positive stress that energizes one and
helps one reach a goal
• Makes you feel alert and lively
• Appear confident and in control
– 5. Distress: a negative stress that can make a person sick
or keep a person from reaching a goal
#6. Fight or Flight
• Physical effects
– Breathing speeds up, heart beats faster, muscles
tense up, pupils get wider, digestion slows down,
and blood sugar increases
• Body releases Epinephrine
– A hormone, also known as Adrenaline
• Allows body to respond quickly in emergency
circumstances
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#7. GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
STAGE 1
• Alarm
– Stressor:
• Eustress (positive stress that helps reach goals) VS
distress (a negative stress that can make someone sick).
– Fight or flight response prepares body for life
threatening situations
– LEADS TO: Depressed Immune System = Increased
susceptibility to disease
#7. GENERAL ADAPATION SYNDROME
STAGE 2
• Resistance
– stress for a period of time
– Making us resistant to disease
– the immune system is the only one fighting to
keep up with demands
#7. GENERAL ADAPATION SYNDROME
STAGE 3
• Exhaustion
– Can no longer maintain high levels of stress
– Parts of the body begin to break down
– LEADS TO: Long term illness, disease, and even
death
#8-9. Stages of Grief/Coping
#10 Mental Illness
A. OCD: repeated, disturbing and unwanted
thoughts, ritual behaviors that may seem
impossible to control
B. PTSD: avoidance of experiences that could
trigger memories of a traumatic experience
C. Bipolar: uncontrollable cycles of extreme
happiness and then depression
D. Schizophrenia: false perceptions of reality,
hallucinations and/or delusions
#11: communication techniques
A. Passive: does not offer opposition when challenged
or pressured. Tend to go along with things
Aggressive: hostile and unfriendly in the way on
expresses oneself
Assertive: most health style, express oneself in a
direct, respectful way
B. Communication is important for avoiding
misunderstanding, building relationships, expressing
feelings
C. Assertive communication is the most effective style of
communication
#12-13. Fitness
• Physical Benefits
– Heart lung strength
– Lower cholesterol
– Muscle strength,
endurance, flexibility
– Metabolic rate is increased
– Burn calories
• Mental Benefits
– Helps with depression and
anxiety
– Reduce stress, helps you
sleep by releasing
endorphins
– Gives you energy
13. Metabolism: sum of the
chemical process that take
place in your body to keep
you alive and active
- it with exercise
# 14: What are the 5 components of
Fitness?
Define Each of the following
• Muscular strength: the amount of force that a muscle
can apply in a given contraction
• Muscular endurance: the ability of the muscle to keep
working over a period of time
• Cardiorespiratory endurance: ability of the heart,
blood vessels, lungs to deliver oxygen and nutrients to
all of your body’s cells while you’re being physical
active
• Flexibility: ability of the joints to move through their
full range of motion
• Body composition: the ratio of lean body tissue to
body fat tissue
#15. Food Labels
1. Focus on
Servings Per Container
---multiply SPC by Calories
2. 9 calories in 1 gram of Fat
4 calories in 1 gram of Carbs
4 calories in 1 gram of Protein
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Labels are all based off a 2,000 calorie diet.
Evaluating total calories consumed along with total
grams or mg is a more accurate evaluation of the
food
• Servings per container
• How to find TOTAL
CALORIES PER BOX?
Multiply Servings per cont
By Calories.
2 x 250= 500 cal
#16-17: Nutrients/Hydration
• 6 nutrients:
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CHO
Protein
Fat
Vitamins
Minerals
water
• Hydration
A. Can live a few days w/o
water
B. 60% of body is water
C. You lose water through:
urine, solid waste,
evaporation, breathing,
sweat
D. About 80 – 90 % of fruits and
veggies is water
E. Dehydration is dangerous:
fever, vomiting, diarrhea. Can
affect mental and physical
health. Thirst is a late sign of
dehydration. Death
Conservation
Define Conservation: protections of natural resources.
What do you we need to conserve?
Define renewable resource: natural resource that can be replaced over
a short period of time
Define Nonrenewable resources: natural resource that gets used
faster then it can be replaced
Define Sustainability: ability of a product to endure use over a period
of time without damaging the environment
Government agencies:
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
Day 2
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CPR/rescue breathing
Alcohol
Tobacco
Drugs
FAS
#19: CPR/rescue breathing
#19 : CPR / Rescue breathing
A. What does CCC stand for: CHECK, CALL, CARE
B. Rescue breathing: emergency technique in which a
rescuer gives air to someone who is not breathing
(artificial respiration/ mouth to mouth)
C. Steps: tilt head back and raise chin, administer breath,
check for pulse, IF pulse but NO breathing continue 1
breath every 5 seconds
D. Breaths are 1 second VS 2 seconds every 5 seconds
E. Perform when unconscious victim has pulse but IS
NOT breathing
Scenario
George comes upon an unconscious victim who
has a pulse, but the victim is not breathing.
George has called for help, what should George
do next?
a. Look to see if anyone see’s him there and if
the coast is clear – sneak away
b. Rescue breathing
c. Administer CPR (Cardiopulmonary breathing)
d. Abdominal thrusts
Implied Consent
G. The victim is unconscious or can NOT ask
for assistance – life saving circumstances
Obtaining Consent
H. If the victim is conscious you must…
o State your name
o Tell the victim you are trained in First Aid
o Ask the victim if you can assist them
o Explain to the victim what you think is wrong and
tell them what you plan to do
#20: Alcohol
• What does BAC stand for? Define.
– Blood alcohol content
– 0.08 is the legal limit
• Define Binge drinking:
– act of drinking 5 or more drinks in one sitting
• List some long term affects on the brain, heart and immune
system from Figure 1
• Define Cirrhosis: disease of liver that replaces healthy
tissue with scar tissue caused by long term alcohol use.
#21: Addiction Pathway: Stages of
Alcoholism
Problem
Drinking
Tolerance
Physical
Dependence
Alcoholism
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
FAS:
- Set of physical deformities and mental
retardation
- Caused by exposure to alcohol/tobacco during
pregnancy
- Leading preventable cause of mental
retardation in country
#22: Treatment Options
• Define withdrawal: process of discontinuing use of
drugs. A person may suffer extreme nervousness,
headaches, seizures and shaking
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AA:
• Alcoholics Anonymous
• Most widely used program
• 12 steps
• meetings
• family
• Advice for living with alcoholic
Al-Anon
Alateen
• Help teens cope with other teens who are dependent
on drugs/alcohol
Review Questions
• What does BAC stand for
• How many drinks in a row to be considered
Binge drinking
• What does FAS Stand for
• What are some treatment options for people
with addiction?
• Name 2 classifications of drugs
#23: Drugs
• Define Each of the classifications/categories of
drugs. List examples of each.
Stimulants
Depressants
Opiates
Hallucinogens
• Temporarily
increase a
person's
energy and
alertness
• Cocaine,
meth, speed
• Cause
relaxation and
sleepiness
• Rohypnol,
roofies,
tranqs
• Highly
addictive
drugs derived
from poppy
plant, used as
pain relievers,
anesthetics,
sedatives
• Heroin, H,
smack
• Distort
perceptions
and cause a
person to see
or hear things
that are not
real
• Acid, magic
mushrooms
#24: Tobacco
• Define:
– Nicotine: addictive drug in tobacco
– Carcinogens: chemical that can cause cancer
– Tar: sticky, coats airways ( cyanide, formaldehyde, lead,
vinyl chloride)
#24:Dangers of Tobacco Use
• List and define dangers of long term tobacco use
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Addiction:
Bronchitis and Emphysema:
Heart and Artery Diseases:
Cancer:
• List effects of tobacco use on
the body
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Brain
Mouth
Heart
Lungs
Review Questions
• How are diseases spread
• How can you prevent the spread of infectious
disease
• What detection methods are there for breast,
testicular and skin cancer
• What system does HIV attack
• Name the accessory glands of the male
reproductive system and what they secrete
• How does your immune system fight pathogens
• What is diabetes
Day 3
• Non infectious diseases
• Skin cancer
• Infectious pathogens/diseases
(microorganisms)
• STD’s
• Immunity
• Reproduction vocab
Non Infectious
– Non Communicable
• Lifestyle diseases that are caused by lifestyle behaviors,
choices, and genetic makeup
Factors that put you at risk
• Habits, behaviors, and life practices
• Age
• Gender
• Genetics
• Education level
• Diet
• Body weight
• Daily physical activity
• Sun exposure
• Smoking, Alcohol, or other drugs
• Alcohol abuse
• Drug abuse
• Cultural practices
Types of Non-Infectious Disease
• Types
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Stroke
• Hypertension
• Heart Attack
• Cardiac Arrest
• Atherosclerosis
• Heart Disease
• Cancer
• Includes all forms of cancer
• Diabetes
• Type 1
• Type 2
• Gestational
Skin
Cancer
#25: Infectious Diseases
(Communicable Disease)
PASSED FROM PERSON TO PERSON
#26: Routes of Pathogen Transmission
Direct Contact
Touching, kissing, sexual relations
Indirect Contact
Touching an object that an infected person has
had contact with
Airborne Contact
Breathing in air that carries
a pathogen
Food-borne infection
Eating something that is
contaminated by microorganisms
#27: STDs
• Review chart from reproduction unit
– Know microorganism (bacteria, virus…)
– Know common S/S
#27:How does your immune system work?
 Your immune system works because your body is able to
recognize "self" and "non-self."
 This means that your body is able to tell if an invader (virus,
bacteria, parasite, or other another person's tissues) has
entered it—even if you aren't consciously aware that
anything has happened.
 Your body recognizes this invader and uses a number of
different tactics to destroy it.
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
#27: Immunity
• Active
– fighting disease by producing antibodies due to exposure
– environmental exposure
• Acquired
– once you have been exposed you have acquired immunity to that
pathogen / you either acquire via the sickness or vaccination
• Passive
– Form of antibodies or antitoxins that have been developed
in another person or species to lesson the severity of
disease
• Ex: if you get a snake bite you
• Natural
– your body’s natural ability (genetics) to fight off an
infection
– Ex: allergies
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Major Players of the Immune System
Lymphocytes: A small white blood cell
that defends the body against disease.
 There are two main types of
lymphocytes: B-cells and T-cells.
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B-cells make antibodies that attack bacteria
and toxins.
T-cells help destroy infected or cancerous
cells. These cells can attack body cells
themselves when they have been taken over
by viruses or have become cancerous.
Image of a single human lymphocyte
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Primary Prevention – Healthy Choices
 Involves actions to keep a disease from occurring
 What are examples of primary prevention?
 Eat a diet low in fat
 Eat a diet with moderate salt intake
 Maintain a healthy weight
Primary = Prevention
 Don’t smoke
 Don’t abuse substances
 Make exercise a daily priority
 Know what your blood pressure and cholesterol levels
 Make stress relief a priority
 Get educated: Family health history, warning signs and
symptoms
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Secondary Prevention
 Involves actions to detect the presence of a disease in the early
stages
 What are examples of secondary prevention?
 Disease specific testing such as: angioplasty, electrocardiogram, ultra
sound, blood pressure, angiography, urinalysis, glucose-tolerance,
insulin testing
 Self examinations
 X-rays
Secondary = Detection
 MRIs
 Biopsy
 Blood & DNA Testing
 Why is early detection so important?
 It can be life saving
 The sooner you detect an illness the sooner you can treat it
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Tertiary Prevention
• Involves actions to reduce the severity of a disease that has already occurred,
to minimize its complications, or to promote recovery
• What are examples of Tertiary Prevention?
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Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Surgery
Drastic changes to diet & exercise
Medication
Transplants
Tertiary = Action
• If someone is in the Tertiary Prevention stage, what else might they do to
effectively manage their diagnosed disease?
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Substitute healthy behaviors for the risky ones
Reduce environmental risk – such as exposure to disease or toxins
Eliminate/Minimize hereditary risks
Effectively use health care resources
Reproduction
• Take out notes from Health unit
– Male/Female packets
– Health Concerns (STD’s)
– AIDS: healthy VS non healthy Immune System
Bucket review Set up
• Write 1 word on each slip of paper
• Fold once
• Put in bucket
• Choose any Words from the following
units/power points:
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Mental health
Injury prevention
Prevention control #1,2,3
Reproduction
Fitness
nutrition
Bucket Review: how to play
• Get in groups of 3
• Your group challenges another group, move desks
to form big group
• Each group needs a bucket
• Team members only guess when it is their turn
– If you pull a word you do not know then put it back
– Keep card out if team guesses correctly, you will tally
these at the end
• You will have 1 min. Teacher will start and stop
with timer
– Team member pulls from bucket for the entire min.
Review Questions
• How are diseases spread
• How can you prevent the spread of infectious
disease
• What detection methods are there for breast,
testicular and skin cancer
• What system does HIV attack
• Name the accessory glands of the male
reproductive system and what they secrete
• How does your immune system fight pathogens
• What is diabetes