Microorganism Types
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Transcript Microorganism Types
What we don’t see CAN kill us!
Also
called microbes
Cannot be seen without a microscope
May be non-pathogen or pathogen
depending on where it is in body
Aerobes
are a variety of bacteria that
require oxygen to grow.
Anaerobes are bacteria that grow in the
absence of oxygen and are destroyed by
oxygen.
Facultative anaerobes are organisms that
can grow in either the presence or the
absence of oxygen.
Endogenous-
originates inside the body
Exogenous-originates
outside the body
Nosocomial-
infection obtained in a health
care facility (Ex: MRSA)
Opportunistic-
is down
occurs when host resistance
Single
cell
3 types: Cocci, Bacilli, Spirilla
Round
shaped
Micrococci-
single cell
Diplococci-two
celled
Staphylococci-clustered
Streptococci-
in chains
“Strep
throat”
Scarlet Fever
Rheumatic fever
“Flesh eating” disease
Endocarditis
Pneumonia
MRSA
Toxic Shock
Rod
Shaped
May have flagella that help the bacteria to
move
Often produce spores
Occur singly, in pairs
or in chains
Many produce poisons
called toxins
Some
bacteria change into the most
resistant form of life known called spores.
Bacteria remain alive in the spore form
but are inactive.
They can survive extremes of heat and
dryness and even the presence of
disinfectants and radiation.
Anthrax
Leprosy
Tuberculosis
Tetanus
Botulism
Diphteria
Typhoid
Spiral
shaped
May be other “unusual” shapes
Example: syphilis and cholera
The
rickettsiae are short, nonmovable rods
that normally live in the intestinal tract of
insects such as lice, fleas, ticks, and
mosquitoes.
They are very small and require host cells to
reproduce.
Diseases caused by rickettsiae include typhus
and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
These diseases are transmitted to humans by
way of the bite of an infected insect.
Smallest
of all bacteria
Originally thought to be a virus
Gram
staining requires crystal violet dye,
iodine solution, alcohol solution, and a
safranin dye be used in a certain order.
The bacteria that are stained by the dye
are classified as Gram-positive. (They
appear dark purple under the
microscope.)
Gram negative bacteria will appear pink.
Bacteria that are positive but stain as
negative are called Gram variable or
there’s mixed colored staining.
Algae
range from microscopic single-cell
organisms to larger multiple-cell organisms
such as seaweed and kelp.
All algae contain chlorophyll, as well as
pigments that cause them to appear yellowgreen, brown, or red.
Algae are found in abundance in both
freshwater and marine habitats.
Most algae do not produce human disease.
Red Tide
One
celled animal-like, may contain flagella
Often found in decayed materials, animal
feces, and contaminated water
Cause malaria, dysentery (severe diarrhea),
and African sleeping sickness
Not too common in the US
Fungi
are plants, such as mushrooms, yeasts,
and molds, that lack chlorophyll.
Diseases include athlete’s foot, vaginitis,
“Jock itch”, and ringworm
Multi-cellular
worms or flukes
Can be injected in food or obtained when
bitten by a mosquito
Examples: pinworms, hookworms, trichinella
spiralis, tapeworms
Viruses
are smallest of all microbes and
only seen with electron microscope.
Viruses can live and multiply only inside
an appropriate host cell.
A virus invades a host cell, copies itself,
and then destroys the host cell so the
viruses are released into the body.
Spread from human to human through
body secretions
HIV
Common
cold
Influenza- Ex:H1N1
HPV- Human Papilloma Virus
Polio
Chickenpox
Herpes
Zoster- shingles
Simplex Type 1- cold sores
Simplex Type 2- genital herpes
Hepatitis
HAV
HBV
HCV
HDV
HEV
HGV
Vowels: Food and Fecal Borne
Consonants: Blood Borne
Infectious
agent composed of primarily
protein that is misfolded
Must reproduce inside a host cell
Gets the other proteins to misfold as well
Prions
are responsible for “mad cow” disease
and possibly Alzheimer disease.
Prion-caused diseases have been found in
human beings and animals.
Prions are highly resistant to heat, chemical
agents, and irradiation.
There is no treatment or vaccine against
prion diseases, and the only preventive
measure is not eating suspect food.
Microorganisms
Viruses
Protozoas
Algae
Fungi Helminths Prions
Bacteria
Cocci
Micrococci
Diplococci
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Bacilli
Rickettsiae
Chlamydia
Spirilla