Transcript STD Power Point

Sexually
Transmitted
Diseases
(STDs)
Chapters 20 and 21
What are STDs?
Stands for “sexually transmitted disease”
 Can be life-threatening
 Can be asymptomatic (have no symptoms),
OR may have symptoms that come and go
 Most can be treated
 Can recur… our bodies do NOT build
immunity to STDs
 Most STDs have no available vaccines

How are STDs spread?
 Any
type of sexual activity that brings an
uninfected person in contact with the
bodily fluids of an infected person.
 Direct contact with open sores.
 A mother to her baby before birth,
during birth, or during breast-feeding.
 Using an infected needle.
National Statistics
• The Center For Disease Control estimates that 19 million new
sexually transmitted infections occur each year.
• Almost half of those new cases will be among 15-24 year olds
• Adolescents 15 to 19 years old have some of the highest
reported rates of gonorrhea and chlamydia among sexually
active people.
• The most common STD’s are chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis B,
genital herpes, HIV, HPV, syphilis, pubic lice, and
trichomoniasis.
• 80% of people who have a sexually transmitted disease
experience no noticeable symptoms.
• STD’s cost the U.S. health care system $17 Billion every year –
and cost individuals even more in immediate and life-long health
consequences.
STD Statistics

From 2005-2006 reported cases of chlamydia
climbed from 976,445 to 1,030,911
 Illinois ranks 8th highest among the 50 state in
reported AIDS cases
 Nationwide, 16.2%, or about 1 out of 6 people 14 to
49 years of age have genital HSV infection
 Illinois reported 908 cases of syphilis in the year 2010
(Illinois ranked 6th out of 50)
 Illinois reported 15,777 cases of Gonorrhea in the
year 2010. (Illinois ranked 13th out of 50)
 Today 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV, the
virus that causes AIDS, and one fifth of those are
unaware of their infection.
 Illinois ranks 12th out of 50 in reported cases of
Chlamydia (60,672)
Keeping Yourself Safe
(GREAT Decision Making)
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Choose your friends
wisely; those who truly
care about you AND
your well-being
Avoid being alone on a
date
Seek advice from
trusted adults-learn the
facts
Avoid having more than
one sexual partner
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Practice abstinencespeak with your voice
AND your actions.
Remind yourself that
contracting an STD can
be a PERMANENT
PROBLEM.
Avoid using alcohol or
drugs.
Avoid a sexual partner
who has had multiple
sexual partners.
Common STDs
BACTERIAL – VIRAL - PARASITES

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Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease (PID)
 Syphilis
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Pubic Lice
Scabies
Trichomoniasis
Genital Warts – Human
Papilloma Virus (HPV)
 Genital Herpes
 Hepatitis (B&C)
 HIV – AIDS

Chlamydia

Caused by bacteria
 Pain, burning during
urination; genital
reddening and
discomfort;
discharge.
 Can be treated with
antibiotics (both
partners must take
the medication).

Can lead to sterility,
PID, infections of the
fetus in pregnant
women causing
illness or blindness.
 Diagnosed more
than any other STD
reported each year.
Chlamydia
Chlamydia Discharge
Source: Seattle STD/HIV Prevention Training Center at the University of
Washington/UW HSCER Slide Bank
Gonorrhea
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Caused by bacteria.
Discharge; swollen
lymph nodes in groin;
burning during
urination; abnormal
menstrual cycles in
females.
Can be cured with
antibiotics, but some
strains are DRUG
RESISTANT.
May lead to PID,
infertility, scarring of the
urethra.
Gonorrhea virus
Gonorrhea Infection

Signs and symptoms may be asymptomatic, may
appear two to five days after infection, or can take as
long as 30 days to appear.
Gonorrhea-Cervical Infection
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)


Only females can become infected.
Pain in the pelvic area, vaginal discharge,
unusually long and painful menstrual periods,
spotting between periods, fever, pain during
urination.
 May lead to scarring of fallopian tubes or
uterus (resulting in infertility), or chronic pelvic
pain.
 Can be treated with antibiotics but it will not
repair damage that has already occurred.
Syphilis

Caused by bacteria
 Occurs in three
stages

Stage 1 (10-90 days
after infection), a
chancre or ulcer may
appear. Symptoms
may come and go.
Syphilis

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Stage 2, may occur
months later. Usually
characterized by a fever
or rash on the palms of
hands and soles of feet.
Stage 3 can occur up to
20 years after the 2nd
stage. Can lead to
damage to the CNS;
cause blindness,
insanity, and death.
Can be cured if treated
in early stages.
Both partners must take
the antibiotic.
Penile Chancre
Syphilis Lesion on
Tongue from Oral Sex
Pubic Lice “Crabs”

Small, crab-like
insects
 Presence of lice and
eggs in pubic hair;
itching
 Can be killed with
medicated shampoo
 No lasting effects
Scabies

Caused by mite
infestation
 Mites burrow into
skin causing a rash,
pain and itching.
 Can be cured with
an insecticide cream
Trichomoniasis
 Females
may experience pain during
urination, itching or discharge.
 Males usually have no symptoms.
 Can lead to bladder and urethral
infections or premature births.
 Can be cured with a prescribed
medication.
Genital Warts
(HPV)

Caused by the same
virus that causes
common warts.
 Often no symptoms.
 Harmless, but may
obstruct urinary tract
 Multiply if left untreated
 No cure
 Major cause of cervical
cancer in women can
also lead to genital
cancers in males.
 A vaccine is now
available for HPV
(2006)
Penile Warts
HPV; Rectal Warts
HPV Infection;
Warts in Mouth-Oral Sex
Genital Herpes

Caused by a virus
 HSV-1 Cold sores and
blisters usually occur
around mouth.
 HSV-2 Painful, itchy
blisters in genital area;
discharge; fever;
burning during urination
 HSV-2 can be
asymptomatic.
 No cure
 Virus remains in body
even though no
symptoms are present.
Herpes Sores on Vagina
Herpes
Sore
Hepatitis (Virus B and C)

Both can be life threatening.
 Vaccine available to prevent B.
 May cause jaundice, tiredness, muscle ache,
fever, loss of appetite, darkening of urine.
 No cure but medications may stop the spread
of the virus.
 May cause severe liver damage, liver failure
or cancer.
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus
ACQUIRED: obtained from other people through
person to person contact
IMMUNE: body’s ability to fight off infections
DEFICIENCY: lacking ability to stop the outbreak
of disease and infectious conditions
SYNDROME: symptoms are present that are
characteristic of a specific
diseases and disorders
World AIDS Statistics:
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By the end of 2008 the estimated number of persons
living with AIDS in the US was 490,696
Illinois in 2009 ranks 7th among the 50 states in total # of
AIDS diagnoses with 1,202
By the end of 2008 the estimated number of people
living with a diagnosis of the HIV infection in the US was
682,668
In 2009 the estimated number of diagnoses of HIV
infection in the US was 42,959
Of those 42,959 – 14,411 we between the ages of 13-29
Worldwide 34 million people are living with and dying
from HIV/AIDS
More Alarming Statistics

16,000 people in the US will die each year
from AIDS
 22.5 years is the average number of years a
person will live after HIV diagnosis
 $618,900 – the average cost and treatment of
HIV and care over a lifetime
 50% - The percentage of HIV-Infected people
who are women
 2,500,000 – The number of children affected
worldwide by HIV/AIDS
AIDS Facts for Life
A
person infected with HIV/AIDS may
have no symptoms but can spread the
disease.
 Once infected, a person is infected for
life.
 Infected pregnant women can pass
HIV/AIDS to their unborn children.
 HIV/AIDS is spread through sexual
contact and sharing needles.
 HIV/AIDS is not spread by mosquitoes.
 Donating blood is safe.
 There is NO cure or vaccine for HIV/AIDS.
What is HIV?
 Virus that
causes AIDS
 Severely damages the immune system
by infecting & destroying white blood
cells
 Person can be a carrier w/out having
AIDS
Progression of AIDS:
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HIV Infected – Asymptomatic:
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Incubation Time is 6 Months up to 15 Years
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HIV Infected – Symptomatic:
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Infected Person is Contagious during this time,
but shows NO signs of being infected
Chronic Flu-like symptoms develop
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Opportunistic Infections & Fatal Diseases develop
HIV Transmission:
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Sexual Intercourse (Anal, Vaginal, Oral):
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Contaminated Needles/Syringes
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Drug Paraphernalia
Tattoo or Body Piercing Needles
Contaminated Medical Equipment
Mother-to-Child
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During sexual activity, body fluids containing
HIV can be passed from one person to another
Prenatal Transmission
Breast Milk Transmission
Contaminated Blood, Blood Products,
or Transplanted Organs
You cannot transmit HIV
through…
 Contact
with saliva, sweat, tears, vomit,
feces, urine
 None of the above fluids contain
enough of the virus to infect another
person.
Symptoms of HIV
Infection:

Symptoms can
develop in as
little as 6
months after
being infected
up to 10 – 15
years after
being infected.

Fatigue
 Weight Loss
 Fever
 Night Sweats
 Body Rashes
 Headaches
 Diarrhea
 Swollen Glands
Is HIV Treatable?
 Medications
slow the
growth of the virus
 Medications help
prevent certain lifethreatening conditions
 Eat Healthy
 Exercise
 Sleep a minimum of
8-10 hours per night
HIV - AIDS and
HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS
Unprotected Sex;
Anal, Oral, or Vaginal
Intercourse without
using a condom with
an infected partner
 Sharing Drug
Paraphernalia with
an infected partner
 Contact with Blood
or Body Fluids of
an Infected person
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Prevention of STDs
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Abstinence from Sexual
Intercourse Until:
 Marriage
 Mutually Monogamous and
Faithful Relationship
 Both Partners have been HIV
tested and are negative
Limit Sex Partners; 1 or 2 in a
Lifetime is Recommended
Use Latex Condoms Correctly
EVERY TIME
Abstinence from using and sharing
drug paraphernalia; particularly
syringes (needles)
Screen possible sex partners and have
them tested prior to sexual activity
A, B, C’s of AIDS Prevention:
Being RESPONSIBLE about
STDs
 Seek
medical help right away.
 Complete full course of medications.
 Have follow-up testing done.
 Avoid all sexual activity while being
treated.
 Notify all sexual partners.
 If necessary have your partner seek
treatment.
AIDS Ribbon
The AIDS Red Ribbon
has been established
to be the international
symbol of hope that
the world will soon be
able to find a way to
rid itself from the
wrath of AIDS.
HIV/AIDS Treatments:

AIDS Cocktails: combination of
various HIV anti-viral medications
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AZT:
3TC:
ddI:
ddC:
All Slow Down the multiplication of the
virus
Protease Inhibitors: protect the Tcells and B-cells from being attacked

Entry Fusion Inhibitors: target the
CXCR4 receptor on HIV and prevent the
virus from entering and infecting healthy
cells.