Transcript 04 (03/20/2007)

Using Fluorescence X-rays
for Non-invasive Biopsy
Team members:
Savannah Gill
Kelvin Lin
Mike McHugh
Trey Reece
Derric Williams
Advisors:
Dr. Frank Carroll
Dr. Ed Donnelly
Mr. Robert Traeger
Mr. Gary Shearer
Current Methods
Conventional Methods
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Mammography
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Cheap, Simple, Ubiquitous
High False Negative Rate

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Mammography X-Ray Image
MRI

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Safer
More Sensitive
More Costly

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10%-20% cancer missed
15x that of mammography
High False Positive Rate

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One study showed 43% of
suspicious MRI findings showed no
cancer
Twice as many false positive as
mammograms
http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/genetics/sect2.htm
Project Background

Current Methods are
Invasive

Our Project Hopes
To

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Rid Detection
Process of Needles,
Anesthetic, & Pain
Reduce radiation
dose to patient
Rid of contrast agent
Reduce Time &
Complications
http://healtgate.partners.org
Our Method

Monochromatic X-rays
 Fire X-rays of only
one energy (or
wavelength)
 Use SAXS emissions
from elements in
tissue
Theory Behind Our Method
θ
Small Angle X-ray Scattering
Project Description
R
d
Task 1: Decrease the size of the x-ray beam using collimator
Task 2: Block off the extra x-rays using beamstop
Task 3: Detect and analyze scattering pattern
Task 4: Determine material
Diffraction Patterns
Paraffin Wax
• Similar to Adipose Tissue
• No Water
• Major Radial Peaks at: 12.6°, 11.4°, 10.2°
Diffraction Patterns
Adipose/Gland Phantom 100/0
• Major radial peak at: 11.5°
• Possible additional peaks at: 9.1°, 10.3°
Diffraction Patterns
Adipose/Gland Phantom 30/70
• Major radial peak at: 11.5°
• Possible additional peaks at: 9.1°, 10.3°
Diffraction Patterns
Adipose/Gland Phantom 50/50
• Major radial peak at: 11.5°
• New peak emerging at: 15.5°
Diffraction Patterns
Adipose/Gland Phantom 30/70
• Major radial peak at: 11.5°
• New clear peak at: 15.5°
Diffraction Patterns
Adipose/Gland Phantom 0/100
• Major radial peak at: 11.5°, 15.5°
• Possible additional peaks at: 13.8°, 8.9°
Diffraction Patterns
Aluminum
• Dots instead of rings (crystalline)
• Multiple photon energies -> Smears
Aluminum from Cullity,
“Elements of X-Ray Diffraction”
Diffraction Patterns
Wooden Block
(1.5” Thick)
Wood Grain Horizontal
Wood Grain Vertical
Can you tell the difference?
Thin Breast
100
2.3 deg
700
16.2 deg
200
4.7 deg
800
18.3 deg
300
7.1 deg
900
20.5 deg
400
9.4 deg
1000
22.5 deg
500
11.7 deg
1100
24.5 deg
600
14.0 deg
Breast Samples
Thin
Cancerous
Breast
Thick
Cancerous
Breast
Muscle Samples
Mouse
Muscle
Cancerous
Muscle
Pig Samples
Pig Skin
Pig Fat
Reducing Noise – Monochromatic
Beam
Polychromatic
Incident Beam
Detector
Thin Sample
Thin Ring Created
Reducing Noise – Monochromatic
Beam
Monochromatic
Incident Beam
Detector
Thin Sample
Thin Ring Created
Current Status
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Collect more images of
different material using Kevex
X-ray
X-ray more biological
specimens
Use monochromatic x-ray
laser for clearer results
Develop an algorithm to
determine the cancerous
tissue from normal tissue
Next Step

Continue imaging biological samples
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Multiple trials needed
Compare samples of normal tissue to
cancerous tissue
Determine composition of unknown
images as given by Dr. Carroll
Dates to Come
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Finish new collimator
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Finish imaging biological samples
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By April 4th
Image biological samples with
monochromatic
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By March 23rd
By April 13th
Complete analyzation & poster
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By next oral presentation
References
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http://www.breastcancer.org/mri_vs_m
ammogram_high_risk.html
http://www.mrsc.ucsf.edu/breast/what_
is_breast_mri.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammogra
phy
Questions?