Transcript Image Quality & Radiographic Artifacts

FILM ARTIFACTS
ARTIFACTS:
AN UNWANTED DENSITY
ON THE FILM
http://www.xray2000.co.uk/
Exposure Artifacts
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Motion
Improper patient position
Wrong screen-film match
Poor film/screen contact
Double exposure
Warped cassette
Improper grid position
PATHOLOGY
?
pneumonia
GRIDS
CAN
LEAVE
LINES
ON THE
IMAGE
POOR
DETAIL
GOOD
DETAIL
Blurring of image
due to patient
movement during
exposure.
When there is a space between the contact of the
film to the intensifying screens, a larger amount
of light is allowed to reach the film – causing
“more density” on fim
Lack of
contact
between
film and
cassette
can cause
“blurring”
of the
image
Artifacts - Types
 Processing
Artifacts
 Exposure Artifacts
 Handling & Storage Artifacts
Processing Artifacts
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Emulsion pickoff
Chemical fog
Guide-shoe marks
Water marks
Chemical spots
Guide-shoe & roller scratches
Developer Spots
Water spot
Discolored film due to
hypo (fixer) retention.
Chemicals not washed
off – over time will turn
film brown
Scratch marks from rollers in
automatic processor.
Artifact
Blurred image due to
patient motion
PATIENT ARTIFACT JEWERLY
Handling & Storage
Artifacts
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Light fog
Radiation fog
Static
Kink marks
Scratches
Dirty cassettes
Crimping /cresent mark
Double Exposure
2 exposures made on top of each other –
from poor handling of cassettes
Static electricity
Dirt on screen mimicking a foreign object.
Scratch marks from
improper handling.
Light fog
Kink mark or nail pressure mark
cast
POOR SCREEN CONTACT
Patient motion
motion
Double
exposure
Child
Poor
screen
contact
Double exposure
Exposure Artifacts
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Could be corrected before exposure =
Jewelry
Hands in the anatomy
Something on the patient
?
Hands over upper
abdomen
Is it
motion or
double
exposure?
Pt
clothing
Hip
replacement
2 chest tubes in the patient
Patient swallowed batteries
What size are they?
PATHOLOGY NOT
ARTIFACT
Name &
cause
of this?
scratches
Pacemaker
Digital image
Mis-
Registrationi
error
Roller marks from film stuck –
then pulled from processor
Hardware
In cervical
spine
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Dust in imaging plate can
cause white marks on image
–
Both in film/screen and
computed radiography
E E G MONITOR
What do
you
See?
2
exposures
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Does this show good detail?
Is all of the anatomy present?
How is the density / contrast?
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Does this show good detail?
– YES
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Is all of the anatomy present?
– No (part of the little finger is not seen)
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How is the density / contrast?
Density – a little “light” underexposed
Contrast is good
Which image shows
“better” detail
Faster speed
Slower speed
CR - ? Which shows
“better detail”
8 x 10 cassette
14 x 17 cassette
See anything
wrong
with
this
image?
Contrast? What influences this? (kVp in f/s)
Discarded x-ray film used to
make ♫ records ♫
Collimation – reducing the size of beam
helps to improve the image, and reduce the dose
to the patient
?
POOR
DETAIL
GOOD
DETAIL
Processing Artifacts






Emulsion pickoff
Chemical fog
Guide-shoe marks
Water marks
Chemical spots
Guide-shoe & roller scratches
NEW IMAGE
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Double expousure
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Femur & chest
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towel that was used
to help in
positioning a child
CR is MORE
sensitive to
ARTIFACTS
NEW IMAGE
CR image – NEW IMAGE
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Line caused
from dirt
collected in a
CR Reader
Blurring of image
due to patient
movement during
exposure.
Exposure Artifacts







Motion
Improper patient position
Wrong screen-film match
Poor film/screen contact
Double exposure
Warped cassette
Improper grid position
Artifact
Blurred image due to
patient motion
GRIDS
CAN
LEAVE
LINES
ON THE
IMAGE
grid cut-off
Grid lines
grids are
not necessary
for a 3 year old
PATIENT ARTIFACT JEWERLY
Handling & Storage
Artifacts






Light fog
Radiation fog
Static
Kink marks
Scratches
Dirty cassettes
Crimping /cresent mark
Double Exposure
2 exposures made on top of each other –
from poor handling of cassettes
Static electricity
Dirt on screen mimicking a foreign object.
Scratch marks from
improper handling.
Light fog
Kink mark or nail pressure mark
cast
POOR SCREEN CONTACT
Patient motion
motion
Double
exposure
Child
Poor
screen
contact
Double exposure
Exposure Artifacts




Could be corrected before exposure =
Jewelry
Hands in the anatomy
Something on the patient
?
Hands over upper
abdomen
Is it
motion or
double
exposure?
Pt
clothing
Hip
replacement
2 chest tubes in the patient
Patient swallowed batteries
What size are they?
PATHOLOGY NOT
ARTIFACT
Name &
cause
of this?
scratches
Pacemaker
Digital image
Mis-
Registrationi
error
Roller marks from film stuck –
then pulled from processor
Hardware
In cervical
spine


Dust in imaging plate can
cause white marks on image
–
Both in film/screen and
computed radiography
E E G MONITOR
Total
body
scan
for
trauma
Discarded x-ray film used to
make ♫ records ♫