Transcript 40400.1257958854.10-51-20

By: Tiffany Crable
Use of X-Rays
 X-ray is used in mainly in a hospital facility
 X-rays in hospital use is to reveal the architecture of the bone and to
see other soft tissues, as well as to if their any other abnormalities in
the form of a fracture, growth of tumors, etc.
 It is also used in dental imaging to show the structure of a person’s
teeth and gums and to see if there is any bad framework that needs to
be reconstructed
 Another form of X-ray is a radiological technique, this form can be
swallowed or injected and it is used to see if there is anything wrong
with the organs. Its main function is to help doctors see inside that
specific organ, so to make sure there are hopefully no abnormalities
that cannot be found with an ordinary X-ray.
Radiation
 Corresponding in frequencies in
range of 30 PHz to 30 EHz.
 X-ray is primarily used for diagnostic
radiography and crystallography.
 X-rays are also a form of ionizing
radiation and such can be dangerous.
Isotopes in X-Rays
 X-rays are generated by directing a
stream a high speed of electrons at a
target material.
 When the electrons are slowed or
stopped by the interaction with the
atomic particle of the target, then Xradiation is produced.
 The X-ray tube is heated with a lowvoltage current of a few amps. The
filament heats up and the electrons
in the wire become loosely held.
 A large electrical potential is created
by the high-voltage generator,
electrons break free of the cathode
and are strongly attracted to anode
target.
Good Use
 X-rays are a good use in the medical field because
it can help doctors figure out what is going on in
our bodies.
 It also helps them understand the structure frame
that might damage, so they know what they need
to do in order to repair it.
 X-rays let the person being checked also know
what is going on in their bodies and how they can
find ways to fix themselves, health wise.
Bad Effects
 X-rays are also bad for us; they weaken
our immunity system because of its
radioactive rays.
 Before they came out with radiation
safety in X-rays, doctors and their
patients were getting radiation
sickness.
Cancer Treatment
 This is what advanced
cancer look like
How this works?
 There are many forms of cancer treatment.
 One way is chemotherapy and this is used as a form to treat
cancer-using drugs that have direct tumor-killing
properties.
 Chemotherapy is an area of drugs that are constantly being
developed.
 These test include new anticancer drugs with combinations
on drugs on untested types of cancer, such as treatments
involving drugs with surgery/radiation.
Science
 Radiation used in cancer treatments is called ionizing radiation because it
forms ions in the cells of the tissue as it passes through it dislodges
electrons from atoms.
 This can kill the cells in the gene that the cell cannot grow. There is
photons and particle radiation.
 There are different levels of ionizing radiation and the doctor picks the
different levels of treatment depending on the level of cancer the patient
has.
 The more common energy radiation are: High-energy photon- come from
radioactive sources such as cobalt or cesium. Electron beams or particle
beams-produced by linear accelerator. Particle beams-are a newer form of
particle beam radiation. Neutron beam-are used for cancers in the neck,
head, and prostate, can be helpful if other forms doesn’t work.
Isotopes
 There are over 10,000 hospitals in the world that
use radioisotopes and are for diagnosis. The most
common type of radioisotope used in diagnosis is
technetium-99.
 In developed countries the frequency of diagnostic
of nuclear medicine is 1.9% per year, and the
frequency of therapy with radioisotopes is one-
tenth this number.
Helpful
 A good thing about cancer treatments is that
it can help a person dispose of some of the
cancer in their bodies.
 Another thing is it can help doctors make
their patients feel at ease to know they have
options in if they want help or not.
Issues
 The bad thing about cancer treatment is
that the people are being exposed to
different forms of ionizing radiation and
they have no idea what that is doing to their
internal insides.
 Also with the therapy the people with cancer
have a better chance of getting other health
effects.
MRI
 This is where you go to get a
full image body exam.
Medical uses
 A MRI is primarily a medical imaging
technique used commonly in radiology to
visualize the internal structure and function
of the body.
 MRI provides much greater between
different soft tissues of the body than
computed tomography.
Nuclear Radiation
 The MRI scan uses magnetic and radio waves,
meaning that there is no exposure to X-ray or any
other damaging forms of radiation.
 NMRI machines used in medical fields expose
patients to static and time-varying magnetic fields
and radioactive fields.
 Magnetic fields intensities are approximately 2
Telsa or 20,000 gauss.
Good use
 The good use of an MRI is that is can
help doctors get a 3D view of the inside
of your body things.
 Something else good about the MRI is
that can help the police take down
suspects.
Effective usage
 The bad of an MRI is that people get
claustrophobic when they are in the
machine and they have to get drugs to get in
it.
 There is nothing that really can harm you in
an MRI scanner because there is so little
radiation to it.
References
 http://www.google.com/
 www.medindia.net
 www.wikianswers.com
 http://www.ndt-
ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/Equipm
entMaterials/xrayGenerators.htm
 http://www.healthcastle.com/chemo.shtml
 http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf55.html
 http://www.state.nj.us/dep//rpp/nrs/mri.htm