Transcript Document

Applications
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Applications of Nuclear Instruments and Methods
W. Udo Schröder, 2007
Applications
2
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
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1.5T, Master
Q-Body Coil
3D T1-FFE
Low-high profile order
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50 x 1.6 mm slices oc.
512 x 196 matrix
FOV = 400 x 320 mm
TE / TR = 1.3 / 5.0 ms
WFS = 0.9 pix (± 62 kHz)
Flip = 35°
18 seconds Breathhold
30 cc Gadolinium @ 2cc/sec.
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W. Udo Schröder, 2007
18 Second MRI image!!
Radiation Detectors for Medical Imaging
Applications
3
Positron emission tomographic slice through patient’s brain
Positron e+ (anti-matter)
annihilates with electron e(its matter equivalent of
the same mass) to produce
pure energy (photons,
-rays). Energy and
momentum balance
require back-to-back
(1800) emission of 2 -rays
of equal energy
e  e  2  (511 keV )
W. Udo Schröder, 2007
 detectors
(NaI(Tl))
Positron Emission Tomography
Positron emission tomographic image of the heart
Applications
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After
administration
of radioactive
water: H217O to
blood flow,
after infarct
episode
 blood flow
After
administration
of radioactive
acetat:
11CH COOX
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 metabolism
Loveland, Morrissey, Seaborg
W. Udo Schröder, 2007
Applications
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DNA Analysis
W. Udo Schröder, 2007
DNA sample decomposed
into single strands,
cut by enzymes into pieces,
use electrophoresis to
separate according to size,
React separated segments
with radio-labeled probe
protein sequences,
identify by auto-radiography
Applications
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Applications of Nuclear Instruments and Methods
W. Udo Schröder, 2007
Applications
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Nuclear Batteries with Really Long Lifetimes
W. Udo Schröder, 2007
Nuclear battery: a
radioactive source placed
inside a capacitor emits a
particles, which build up
an electric charge on the
plates, or deliver an
electric current.
Such batteries can operate
for long durations, a major
fraction of a century (e.g.,
t1/2=86 a) and can be
made small enough to be
used in implant pace
makers.
Cancer Treatment with Neutrons
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Patient
treatment
station
Applications
Cyclotron
accelerates protons,
which generate a
well defined
secondary beam of
neutrons with
variable energy and
range in tissue.
Treatment success rates of neutron
and gamma irradiation
W. Udo Schröder, 2007
Applications
9
Radio
Therapy
12C
Beam
12GeV
W. Udo Schröder, 2007
Heavy ions (here
12C) have a welldefined range in
materials. They
lose much of their
kinetic energy
shortly before
complete stopping,
leading to a
radiation dose
concentrated at the
end of their range.
This provides a
non-intrusive
surgical tool