Transcript ppt lesson 3

Elementary Terms of Indian Music
Swara
Shuddha Swara
Komal Swara
Teevra Swara
Vadi Swara
-
Samvadi Swara
-
Anuvadi Swara
-
Musical note
Natural note
Flat note
Sharp note
Most prominent note
used in the raga.
Prominent note but less
than vadi.
Other than vadi and
samvadi.
Vivadi Swara
-
Prohibited swara but
sometimes is used to beautify
the raga in rare cases.
Varjit Swara
Swaras which are not used.
Nyas Swara
Resting note.
Saptak
Set of seven swaras
Madhya Saptak Swaras between tonic to higher
tonic, in other word Madhya
Sa to Tar Sa.
Mandra Saptak Swaras below tonic
Tar Saptak Swaras above higher tonic.
Aroha
Avaroha
Pakad
-
Jati
-
Sampurna Jati
Shadav Jati
Audav Jati
-
Ascending order of swaras
Descending order of swaras
Particular note combination
by which a raga is
recognized.
Depends on the usage of
swaras of a raga in
ascending and descending order.
Seven swaras in Aroh & Avaroh
Six swaras in Aroh & Avaroh
Five swaras in Aroh &
Avaroh.
What is a That ?
The literal meaning of That is
“personality or outer appearance”.
THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THAT
That
1. A that sould always be sampurna i.e. it should possess
seven swaras or musical notes.
2. These seven swaras should be in perfect order such as
‘Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni.’
3. A that must be capable of giving birth to a raga.
4. A that is not supposed to have both Aroha and
Avaroha. Rather it has only an Aroha of 7 swaras.
5. A that can include Komal (flat (sign of flat - R G) ) and
Tivra (sharp (sign of sharp – M)) form of the same note.
Musical Notes of each That
(That is never sung. It just shows the swaras)
.
1.
Bilaval – S R G M P Dh N S
2.
.
Kalyan - S R G M P Dh N S
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
.
Khamaj – S R G M P Dh N S
.
Bhairav – S R G M P Dh N S
.
Kaphi – S R G M P Dh N S
.
Asavari – S R G M P Dh N S
.
Poorvi – S R G M M P Dh N S
.
Marwa – S R G M P Dh N S
.
Todi - S R G M P Dh N S
.
Bhairvi – S R G M P Dh N S
Swaras which are not having any sign are natural swaras.
What is a Raga?
A Raga means that which gives us
pleasure and ultimately leads to
spiritual sublimity.
THE DISTINCTIVE
FEATURES OF RAGA
1.
2.
3.
Any and every tune can not be called a Raga unless it obeys
the following distinctive conditionsEvery raga must belong to its Janak That.
A raga should have at least 5 swaras and maximum 7
swaras. For this purpose they have been allotted Jati such as,
the ragas having five swaras belong to Audav Jati, having
six swaras belong to Shadav Jati, having seven swaras
belong to Sampurna Jati. These 3 further give birth to
interelated 9 kinds.
Every raga must have its Vadi, Samvadi and Anuvadi
Swaras. Vadi is the chief swara, Samvadi is next to Vadi in
importance and the remaining swaras are known as Anuvadi.
What is a Khyal?
The term khyal means “imagination’ and it is the most
important form of musical composition for the last two
hundred years and more, it has almost monopolized the
attention of the best musical brains. Khyal was the product of
the combination of music style of Hindus and Muslims. It was
liked by both. Soon it became very popular with the rulers and
courtiers to enjoy its popularity even to this day. As against
Dhrupad and Dhamar , it is more imaginative than technical.
In this type of singing, the rules are relaxed. The compositions
of Khyal are more romantic and an artist can add one’s own
his or her imaginative patterns in this form .
Universal Musical Notes
C
D
E
F
G
A
B
C
Do
Re
Mi
Fa
So
La
Si
Do
Indian Musical Notes
Sa
Re
Ga
Ma
Pa
Dha
Ni
.
Sa
Distinctive Features of Raga Bhairav
• Raga
• That
• Jati
-
• Vadi
• Samvadi
• Swaras
-
•
•
•
•
-
Varjit Swara
Nyas Swaras
Similar Ragas
Time to sing
Bhairav
Bhairav
Sampurna (using all notes in
ascending & descending order)
Dha
Re
R, Dh Komal, rest of the
swaras are Shuddha (natural)
No one
Dh, R, P and M
Kalingara and Ramkali
Early morning
Bhairav is one of the oldest ragas of
classical Indian music. We find its
references in all old musical books. It is
one of the six old ragas which have been
mentioned as Raga and Ragini scheme in
our old Indian treatises.
Its Vadi Swara is Dh which is mostly used and
Samvadi is R. Raga Bhairav is sung in early
morning i.e. between 4 to 7 a.m. It is therefore
called morning Sandhiprakash Raga (or
morning down).
It is of very serious nature and has the same
effect on the listeners. Vilambit and Drut
Khyal suit most in raga Bhairav. Dhrupad and
Dhamar are also sung in this raga.
Raga Bhairav is an Ashray Raga its that
Bhairav. Raga Bhairav uses R and Dh
Komal. These two swaras R and Dh are
used resting and stressed again and again
which indicate Bhairav. For example G M. . . R . . . . . S R . . S.
G M. . . Dh . . . . . P.
Sometimes Pancham or P is not
used in its Aroha such as G M Dh N.
Mostly
Gandhar or G is Vakra in its Avaroha such
as - M P G M R . . . . S.
Raga Bhairav
Aroha Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni, Sa
Avaroha –
.
Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa
Particular Note Combination –
G M Dh,. . . P, G M R . . . .S