Transcript Safety
Design and Prototyping a Heart Pump Jacob Herman Today’s Presentation • Goal: Give you the tools and background knowledge to fully understand the engineering, science, and biology behind heart pumps that are clinically used. • Questions – Please feel free to ask at any time • 1st: Background, 2nd: Heart Pump Design Background • • • • Personal and Bioengineering Programming and Mechanics Pretotyping vs. Prototyping Heart Anatomy and Defects Background • • • • Personal and Bioengineering Programming and Mechanics Pretotyping vs. Prototyping Heart Anatomy and Defects Personal Background • • • • Grew up in central New Jersey Currently a Senior at Pitt studying Bioengineering Bioengineering Summer Camp Counselor Undergraduate researcher at the McGowan Institute in studying regenerative medicine of fertility diseases • Conducted research on aneurysms and coronary stents at the National University of Singapore • Going to industry – Clinical Cardiac Specialist Bioengineering • Using science and engineering principles to understand the human body, replicate its intricate functions and repair/improve the defects • A recent engineering field that is rapidly expanding – Increasing prevalence of disease – Aging population with desire to extend life expectancy • Inclusive of Bio- informatics, mechanics, materials, and optics as well as tissue, cellular, genetic, neural, and pharmaceutical engineering Background • • • • Personal and Bioengineering Programming and Mechanics Pretotyping vs. Prototyping Heart Anatomy and Defects Programming • Converting a process into executable commands that a computer can process • Tools: – Breadboard – Circuitry: Resistors, Capacitors, Transistors, Switches, Inductors – Arduino/microprocessor Mechanics • Building a device requires many mechanical considerations – Feasibility (physical and financial), real world and computer interactions • Building medical devices requires even more mechanical considerations – Shelf life, biocompatibility, external/implantable Background • • • • Personal and Bioengineering Programming and Mechanics Pretotyping vs. Prototyping Heart Anatomy and Defects Pretotype vs Prototype • Most basic model made with cheap and accessible materials • Easily allows for quick failures and design flaws w/o losing $$$ • Basis of a Prototype • Usually a minimum viable prototype (MVP) • Gradually is revised throughout the design process • Made from more expensive, final materials for testing Background • • • • Personal and Bioengineering Programming and Mechanics Pretotyping vs. Prototyping Heart Anatomy and Defects Heart Anatomy • Four chambers – Right and left atrium – Right and left ventricle • Four valves – Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic • Veins and arteries – Inferior/superior vena cava, pulmonary arteries and veins, aorta Heart Diseases and Defects • Valve defects – Leakage from the valves, absent or tight valves at birth • Cardiac muscle defects – Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy • Genetic defects – Hole in heart, congenital heart disease, A/V fibrillation • Age/heart disease – Coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction Outline • • • • Heart Pump – What is it? Origins and Developments Multidisciplinary aspects “Benchtop to Bedside” Experiment Outline • • • • Heart Pump – What is it? Origins and Developments Multidisciplinary aspects “Benchtop to Bedside” Experiment Heart Pump • aka ventricular assist devices (VADs) • Mechanical pumps used to support blood flow in people that have a weakened heart • The device takes blood from a lower chamber of the heart and helps pump it to the body • Doesn’t replace the heart, just helps to pump blood when the heart can no longer can Outline • • • • Heart Pump – What is it? Origins and Developments Multidisciplinary aspects “Benchtop to Bedside” Experiment Invention and Development of Heart Pump • Invented in the late 1950s and implanted for the first time in 1966 by Dr. Michael E. DeBakey • First successful long term VAD implantation by Dr. William F. Bernhard • First LVAD approved by the FDA in 1994 Outline • • • • Heart Pump – What is it? Origins and Developments Multidisciplinary aspects “Benchtop to Bedside” Experiment Disciplines Involved in Design • Engineers – Biomedical, Mechanical, Electrical • Scientists – Biologists, Biochemists, Material Scientists • Doctors – Cardiologists, Surgeons, Electrophysiologists • Regulators – Institutional Review Board, Food & Drug Administration Engineers • Mechanical – Design and interaction of moving components • Electrical – Power supply and electricity needed for long term use • Biomedical – Ensuring when the mechanical and electrical components are combined they will be compatible within the human body Scientists • Biologist/Biochemist – Study the heart anatomy and biochemical interaction of running blood through an artificial tube • Biomaterial Scientist – Study the compatibility of tubing, VAD, propeller, etc with internal organs, bodily fluids, and blood Doctors • Cardiologists – Ensure that VADs actually restore healthy blood flow patterns • Surgeons – Must be able to have a safe and effective method of actually implanting the device • Electrophysiologists – Guarantee that the device will not impact normal electrical heart stimulation Regulators • IRB – Every university has one to regulate the scientific experiments and activities of research laboratories – First stage to experimenting on a device • FDA – Regulates the devices that are allowed to be sold on the market – Safety and Efficacy Outline • • • • Heart Pump – What is it? Origins and Developments Multidisciplinary aspects “Benchtop to Bedside” Experiment Benchtop to Bedside • Benchtop: In the laboratory • Bedside: In the clinic Experiment • Create a VAD to implement on a pig heart – Mechanical construction – Electrical power supply – Biomedical/surgical implementation • Considerations – Size, Biocompatibility, Cost, Safety References • https://www.adafruit.com/product/64 • http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/how-to-use-abreadboard.shtml • https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products • http://www.pretotyping.org/historical-artifacts.html • https://www.ucsfhealth.org/treatments/ventricular_assist_device/ • http://www.medgadget.com/2014/06/heartassist5-the-smallestventricular-assist-pump-of-its-kind-implanted-for-first-time-in-advancedheart-failure-patient.html • http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Proced/vads.cfm • https://www.labdesignnews.com/article/2010/09/steps-selecting-rightbench