Transcript Blood - Oceanside Moodle

Blood
The fluid of life
Vocabulary Words
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Aorta
Artery
Atria
Red Blood Cell
White Blood Cell
Capillary
Circulatory System
Hemoglobin
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Hemophilia
Lungs
Plasma
Platelets
Pulse
Vein
Ventricles
What is blood?
 Blood
is a tissue
 It is composed of Red Blood Cells,
 White Blood Cells and Platelets
 These cells are suspended in a liquid
matrix called Plasma
 We have 4-6 liters of blood in our
bodies
Plasma
It's a straw-colored liquid that is 90% water
Besides water, plasma also contains dissolved salts and minerals,
nutrients and waste products.
Microbe-fighting antibodies travel to the battlefields of disease by
hitching a ride in the plasma.
Without plasma, the life-giving blood cells would be left floundering
without transportation. Never underestimate the importance of plasma.
The liquid plasma carries the solid cells and the platelets which help
blood clot.
Platelets
Platelets can get us into sticky situations!
Platelets are irregularly-shaped, colorless bodies that are present in
blood. Their sticky surface lets them, along with other substances,
form clots to stop bleeding.
When bleeding from a wound suddenly occurs, the platelets gather at
the wound and attempt to block the blood flow. The mineral calcium,
vitamin K, and a protein called fibrinogen help the platelets form a
clot A clot begins to form when the blood is exposed to air.
The fibrin threads then begin to form a web-like mesh that traps the
blood cells within it. This mesh of blood cells hardens as it dries,
forming a clot, or "scab."
White Blood Cells
The white blood cells are continually on the lookout for signs of
disease
These cells are capable of Phagocytosis
Some WBC’s produce protective antibodies that will overpower
the germ. Others will surround and devour the bacteria
Antibodies: Proteins specifically made for a particular pathogen.
The white blood cells have a rather short life cycle, living from a
few days to a few weeks
If an invading infection fights back and persists, that number will
significantly increase.
Red Blood Cells
Red blood cells perform the most important blood duty. A single drop of
blood contains millions of red blood cells which are constantly traveling
through your body delivering oxygen and removing waste
Red blood cells are red only because they contain a protein chemical
called hemoglobin which is bright red in color. Hemoglobin contains the
element Iron
As blood passes through the lungs, oxygen molecules attach to the
hemoglobin
The average life cycle of a red blood cell is 120 days. Your red bone
marrow is continually producing new blood cells,
Blood Diseases Affecting Red
Blood Cells, White Blood Cells
& Platelets
Anemias
Hemophilia
Thrombosis
Leukemia
(Blood Clots)
Sickle Cell Anemia
These anemias are genetic which means you are born with it
because one or both of your parents had anemia.
The Red Blood Cells are shaped abnormally
The Red Blood Cells are not made in the normal amount
This results in low hemoglobin in the blood which means you will
not be able to carry enough oxygen to body parts.
The red cells are also more likely to get stuck in the small blood
vessels and cause pain and swelling in the joints.
How do I know if I have Sickle
Cell Anemia?
•Weakness & faintness
•Headaches
•Sore tongue
•Dizziness
•Yellow Eyes and skin
•Severe Cases may have signs of heart failure
Hemophilia
It is a hereditary blood disease characterized by the inability of blood
to clot, or coagulate, leading to hemorrhage, or excessive bleeding,
even from minor injuries.
The disease is caused by an insufficiency or absence of certain blood
proteins, called factors, that participate in blood clotting. These factors
are found on the platelets.
Before the advent of modern therapy, the chance of
survival to adulthood was poor.
Prevention of injury is important for the patient with
hemophilia. When bleeding occurs, replacement therapy
of clotting factors in plasma may be necessary
Blood Clots-Thrombosis
Thrombosis: An abnormal blood in a blood vessel which may grow
enough to block blood flow
Blocked blood flow prevents oxygen from reaching an organ or
tissue
If the clot is in an artery which runs to the heart, it can cause a
heart attack.
Causes: Build up of fatty acids on the vessel wall. Smoking, and
high blood pressure increase the tendency to form clots.
Treatment: Usually involves the administration of
anticoagulants, or drugs that discourage clotting.
Anticoagulants can include aspirin.
Leukemia
•Cancer of white blood cells.
•Acute leukemias are characterized by the presence of "blasts,"
which are immature white blood cells. Large quantities of blasts
generally overgrow the bone marrow, leaving very little space
for normal bone marrow cells.
•Chronic leukemias are those characterized by a large and
uncontrolled growth of more mature white blood cells.
1. Erythrocyte is another name for a:
a) red cell
b) white cell
c) platelet
3. Which of the following blood components provide the
major defense for our bodies against invading bacteria
and viruses?
a) red cells
b) b) white cells
c) c) platelets
4. The relatively clear liquid medium which carries the
other cells of blood is called:
a) lipid
b) antibody
c) plasma
5. Which of the following are likely to increase in
quantities when the body is under attack from bacteria?
a) erythrocytes
b) leukocytes
c) thrombocytes
Blood Types
There are two distinct chemical molecules present on the surface of the
red blood cells.
Antigen "A" and the other Antigen "B." If the red blood cell had only
"A" molecules on it, that blood was called type A. If the red blood cell
had only "B" molecules on it, that blood was called type B.
If the red blood cell had both molecules, that blood was called type
AB. If the red blood cell had neither molecule, that blood was called
type O.
Type A: will make antibodies to Type B
Type B: Will make antibodies to Type A
Type AB: Will not make antibodies to either
Type O: Will make antibodies to both Type A and Type B
The Genetics of Blood Type
Genes: Inherited factors; responsible for the characteristics of an
organism
Genes are inherited from your parents
There are different varieties of genes called alleles.
There are 3 different varieties of alleles for blood type. (A, B, O)
Each individual will get ONE of these alleles from each parent.
This will determine the blood type of the offspring.
Alleles IA & Ib are dominant to Allele Ii.
Alleles IA and IB are codominant since both are expressed when
present.
Antigens: Surface
labels
RH labels can be
either positive or
negative.
Type B Antigens
Both A &
B antigens
Universal Donor: No blood type antigens present only the
RH protein antigen.
Who Can I Give
My Blood To?
If two different blood types are mixed
together, the blood cells may begin to clump together in the blood
vessels, causing a potentially fatal situation
A person with type A blood can donate blood to a person with type A
or type AB
A person with type B blood can donate blood to a person with type B
or type AB
A person with type AB blood can donate blood to a person with type
AB only.
A person with type O blood can donate to anyone
Will I Survive?
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/landsteiner/
A person with type A blood can receive blood from a person with type
A or type O
A person with type B blood can receive blood from a person with type
B or type O.
A person with type AB blood can receive blood from anyone
A person with type O blood can receive blood from a person with type
O only.
Because of these patterns, a person with type O blood is said to be a
universal donor. A person with type AB blood is said to be a universal
receiver
Are You Positive Or
Negative?
While studying Rhesus monkeys, a certain
blood protein was discovered. This protein is
also present in the blood of some people
If your blood does contain the protein, your blood is said to be Rh
positive (Rh+). If your blood does not contain the protein, your
blood is said to be Rh negative (Rh-).
It is particularly important for expectant mothers to know their
blood's Rh factor
The baby's life could be in great danger if the mother's Rh
negative blood attacks the baby's Rh positive blood
1
In the ABO blood system,
you normally can be type:
a)
A
b)
B
c)
ABO
d)
A, B, AB, or O
e)
all of the above
2. Which of the following statements is true regarding the ABO
blood system?
a) People who have the A antigen normally would not produce
the anti-A antibody.
b) People who are type AB normally produce both anti-A and
anti-B antibodies.
c) The only ABO type blood that normally does not have either A
or B antigens is AB.
3. The universal blood donors for the ABO system are type:
a) A
b) B
c) O
d) AB
4. Which of the following statements is true about the ABO
blood system?
a) It was discovered in the 1950's.
b) It was discovered by Karl Landsteiner
c) Few people are actually typed for this system because of the
difficulty of the procedure and high cost.
d) a and b
5. An individual's ABO blood type is normally determined by:
a) Genetic inheritance and environmental influences during
life
b) Environmental influences alone
c) The inheritance of 1 of 3 possible alleles (A, B, or O) from
each parent
6. In determining the phenotype for the ABO blood system:
a) O is dominant over A
b) B is dominant over A
c) O is recessive
d) all of the above
7. If one of your parents is blood type A and the other is type B,
which of the following blood types would you likely be?
a) A
b) B
c) O
d) AB
e) any of the above
A circulatory
system has 3
parts:
1. Blood
2. Heart
3. Blood Vessels
2 Types of
Circulatory
systems:
Open Circulation:
Blood is not
confined to
vessels but
allowed to flow
freely over the
organs
Closed Circulatory system: Blood is always confined to vessels.
The heart pumps into large vessels which branch into smaller
ones where nutrients and waste diffuse out.
Blood NEVER leaves a vessel!!
This type of system found in vertebrates, worms, squids
This allows faster transport of oxygen; greater efficiency of
blood flow; economy of blood volume and maintenance of
sufficient blood pressure for a large body
Structure of the Heart
There are four cavities inside
the heart that fill with blood.
The top 2 of these cavities are
called atria.
The bottom two are called
ventricles..
A wall, called the septum,
separates the right and left
sides of the heart
A valve connects each atrium
to the ventricle below it.
Function in preventing
backflow of blood
Right
Atrium
Left
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Left
Ventricle
Septum
As valves open and close they
produce sounds that can be
heard with a stethoscope.
These heart sounds can indicate
a problem with a valve such as
a heart murmur.
Atria: Collecting
Chambers
•Right side: Receives blood
returning from the
body(deoxygenated)
•Left Side: receives blood
returning from the lungs.
(Oxygenated)
Aorta
Pulmonary
artery
Right
Atrium
Ventricles:PUMPERS
•Strong pumping chambers
Left
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Left
Ventricle
•Right side pumps to the
LUNGS to pick up oxygen
•Left side pumps to the body
to deliver oxygen.
Septum
3 types of blood vessels:
1. Arteries: Carry blood
AWAY from the heart
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Are able to expand and
contract
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Have 3 layers of thick
walls
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Smooth muscle,
connective tissue is quite
elastic allowing them to
withstand the pressure of
the heart pumping.
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Pulse can be felt in an
artery.(How fast the heart
is beating)
Aorta: The largest artery in the
body.
•Delivers blood high in O2 to the
body
•Blood pressure is measured in an
artery
•Blood Pressure: Pressure
exerted by the blood against the
artery walls. Made of 2 numbers:
•Systolic pressure: the pressure
of the contraction of the left
ventricle
•Diastolic Pressure: pressure as a
result of the relaxation of the left
ventricle.
Double Circulation
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There are 2 circuits that run
through the heart.
Systemic Circulation:
Serves the organ systems
and delivers oxygen rich
blood to the organs picking
up waste as well
Pulmonary Circulation:
Takes deoxygenated blood
to the lungs to drop of CO2
and pick up fresh O2.
http://www.wisconline.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP12704
Arteries branch into
smaller arterioles and
then into capillaries.
Capillaries: the
smallest blood vessels
in which gas and
nutrient exchange
occurs.
Are microscopic in
size.
Blood leaving
capillaries the flow
into larger venules
which become veins
to return to the heart.
Veins: Carry blood from
the capillaries TO the heart
•Blood in veins is LOW in
Oxygen!!!.