Transcript Respiratory Systems Ch_ 16

Chapter 16
Cardiovascular & Respiratory
Systems
Functions of the
cardiovascular system
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Composed of the heart & all blood
vessels of the body
Function is to circulate blood, thereby
maintaining an internal environment in
which all the cells of your body are
nourished
Functions of the
cardiovascular system
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The heart pumps blood
Blood carries oxygenated cells
throughout your body to deliver
oxygen
At the same time carbon dioxide along
with waste is carried away from your
body via blood cells
Functions of the
cardiovascular system
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Oxygen is delivered to your lungs and
waste products are sent to the kidneys
to be removed from the body
Structures of the
cardiovascular system
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The heart and the brain are perhaps
the most important organs in your
body
The heart is made of the myocardium
which is what makes it pump
Your heart rate increases or decreases
automatically based on your physical
activity
Chambers of the heart
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Your heart has 4 chambers
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
A wall of tissue separates the right &
left atria called the septum along with
the right & left ventricles
Chambers of the heart
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The right atrium works as the natural
pacemaker for the rest of the heart
Small electrical impulses force the
atrium to contract therefore allowing
blood to be pumped into the ventricles
Blood is then pumped out of the heart
Chambers of the heart
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When blood is flowing it can only flow
one way
Once blood is pumped the valves close
not allowing blood to pump back
The sound that you hear when your
heart is beating is the sound of the
valves closing
Circulation of the heart
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Blood that has been deoxygenated but
has carbon dioxide & waste is pumped
back to the heart by 2 large blood
vessels called the vena cava
Deoxygenated blood enters the right
atrium & is transferred to the right
ventricle
Circulation of the heart
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Blood is then pumped to the lungs
Inside the lungs the blood drops the
carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen
Newly oxygenated blood is then
returned to the lungs to the left atrium
of the heart
Circulation of the heart
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The blood is then pumped from the
left atrium into the left ventricle
Blood is then pumped out of the heart
& into the rest of the body by way of
the large artery called the aorta
Blood
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Blood delivers oxygen, hormones, &
nutrients to the cells & carries away
waste that the cells produce
55% of your blood consists of plasma
the fluid in which other parts of the
blood are suspended
Blood
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Red blood cells make up about 40% of
blood
White blood cells & platelets together
make up the remaining 5% of blood
1 milliliter of blood contains millions
of each of these types of cells
Red blood cells & White
blood cells
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Red blood cells – transport oxygen to
cells & parts of the body
Formed in bone marrow, they contain
hemoglobin the oxygen-carrying
protein in blood
Red blood cells also carry carbon
dioxide away from cells back to the
lungs
Red blood cells & White
blood cells
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White blood cells are made to protect
our bodies against infection & fight off
infection when it occurs
White blood cells are also produced in
bone marrow
Production of white blood cells
increases when an infection is present
Blood vessels
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You have more then 60,000 miles of
blood vessels that transport blood
There are 3 main types of blood
vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Arteries
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They are blood vessels that carry
blood away from the heart
They have thick elastic walls and
contain smooth muscle fibers
Pulmonary arteries carry
deoxygenated blood from the right
ventricles to the lungs
Arteries
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Systemic arteries, such as the aorta,
carry oxygenated blood from the left
ventricle to all areas of the body
As arteries move away from the heart,
they branch into progressively smaller
vessels called arterioles
Arterioles deliver blood to capillaries
Capillaries
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Capillaries are small vessels that carry
blood between arterioles and small
vessels called venules
Capillaries form an extensive network
throughout tissues and organs in the
body, reaching almost every body cell
Veins
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Veins are blood vessels that return
blood to the heart
Vein walls are thinner and less elastic
than those of arteries, veins are still
able to withstand the pressure exerted
by blood as it flows though them
Platelets
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Platelets are cells that prevent the
body’s loss of blood
Platelets produce small thread-like
fibers called fibrins
Lymphatic System
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This system also helps to fight infection &
plays an important role to the bodies
immunity to disease
Lymph is the clear fluid that fills the spaces
around body cells
Lymphocytes are specialized white blood
cells that provide the body with immunity &
protect the body against antibodies
B Cells
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B cells are lymphocytes that are
stimulated to multiply when they are
come in contact with a pathogen
Some B cells produce plasma cells,
which produce antibodies that attack
the pathogen, other produce memory
cells
T Cells
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T cells are lymphocytes that are
stimulated to enlarge & multiply when
they encounter a pathogen.
There are 2 main types
Killer cells which stop the spread of
disease
Helper cells aid in the activation of B
cells & killer T cells
Structure of the
Lymphatic System
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It consists of a network of vessels &
tissues that are involved in the
movement & filtering of lymph
Care & Problems of the
Cardiovascular System
Lesson 2
Health behaviors associated
with good cardiovascular
care
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Follow a well balance diet that is low
in saturated fats, cholesterol & salt
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce
stress on the heart, blood vessels, and
lymph vessels
Participate in regular aerobic exercise
for at least 30 minutes 3-4 times a
week
Health behaviors associated
with good cardiovascular
care
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Avoid the use of tobacco products &
exposure to secondhand tobacco
smoke
Avoid illegal drugs, including
stimulants, marijuana, & ecstasy
Blood Pressure
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Blood pressure is the measure of the
amount of force that the blood places
on the walls of the blood vessels
Blood Pressure
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As your heart contracts to push blood
into your arteries, the maximum
pressure, called systolic pressure is
measured
As the ventricles relax to refill, blood
pressure is at its lowest point, called
the diastolic
Cardiovascular System
Problems
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Congenital heart disease – a condition
that is present at birth
Cardiovascular disease is actually a
group of the cardiovascular systems
that include hypertension, heart
disease, & stroke
Cardiovascular System
Problems
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Heart murmurs are abnormal sounds
that are made as blood flows through
the heart
Varicose veins form if valves in the
veins do not close tightly enough to
prevent backflow of blood
Cardiovascular System
Problems
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Anemia is a condition in which the
ability of the blood to carry oxygen is
reduced
– The most common cause of anemia is
iron deficiency
Cardiovascular System
Problems
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Leukemia is a form of cancer in which
any one of the different types of white
blood cells is produces excessively and
abnormally
Hemophilia is an inherited disorder in
which the blood does not clot properly
Lymphatic system
problems
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Immune deficiency occur when the
immune system can no longer protect
against infection
Hodgkin's disease is a type of cancer
that affects the lymph tissue
Tonsillitis is an infection of the tonsils
& can be common in children
The Respiratory System
Lesson 3
Functions of the
respiratory system
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Respiration is the exchange of gases
between the body and the
environment
Structure of the
Respiratory System
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Lungs are the principle organs of the
respiratory system & the site of the external
respiration
The diaphragm is the muscle that separates
the chest from the abdominal cavity
The structure of the lungs can be compared
to the structure of a branching tree
The breathing process
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The breathing process is made
possible by creating a pressure of
difference between the lungs and
outside of the body
When your lungs expand the pressure
inside of them becomes lower than the
pressure outside your body
Other Respiratory
Structures
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Pharynx – or throat
Trachea - or windpipe
Bronchi – the airways that connect the
trachea and the lungs
The larynx & epiglottis
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Neither of these are directly associated with
the respiratory system but have important
functions
Larynx or voice box connects the throat to
the trachea
The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located
above the larynx, it closes off the
passageway to the larynx & trachea when
you swallow
Care & Problems of the
Respiratory System
Lesson 4
Health Behaviors & the
Respiratory System
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Your nasal passageway contains
mucus & cilia that help to prevent
particles from entering your body
However, your respiratory system is
still vulnerable
Asthma, Cancer can result from air
pollution being let into your body
Respiratory System
Problems
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Bronchitis – is an inflammation of the
bronchi causes by infection or
exposure to irritants such as tobacco
smoke or air pollution
Pneumonia an inflammation of the
lungs commonly caused by a bacterial
or viral infection
Respiratory System
Problems
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Pleurisy an inflammation of the lining
of the lungs and chest cavity
Asthma an inflammatory condition in
which the trachea, bronchi, &
bronchioles become narrowed, causing
difficulty in breathing
Respiratory System
Problems
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Sinusitis an inflammation of the tissues
that line the sinuses
Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial
infection that usually affects the lungs
Emphysema is a disease that
progressively destroys the walls of the
alveoli