Transcript Cardiac - Union City High School

CARDIAC
THE LAYERS

Three layers of tissue
form the heart:
____________________inside of the heart;
 _______________________middle layer
 __________________covers the outside of the
heart

PARTS OF THE HEART

Heart is divided into 4 chambers

2 upper are called atria and 2 lower are ventricles
Right ___________- receives blood as it returns from the
body
 Right ____________- receives blood from the right atrium
and pumps the blood into the pulmonary artery (carried
the blood to the lungs)
 Left ____________- receives oxygenated blood from the
lungs
 Left _____________- receives blood from the left atrium
and pumps the blood into the aorta (transports to the
body)

CONDUCTIVE PATHWAY

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.


Electrical impulses originating in the heart cause the cyclic
contraction of the muscles
__________________________ (“pacemaker”) located in
right atrium sends out electrical impulses that
spread out over the atria
The atria muscles contract and push blood into the
ventricles
The impulses then reach the ___________________
_________________ located between the atria and ventricles.
The AV nodes sends the impulses through the
______________ __________________ (in the septum) which
divides into a right and left bundle branch which carry
the impulse down through the _________________
Those bundle branches subdivide into the
___________________________ (network of fibers in the
ventricles)
This conduction pattern occurs every 0.8 seconds
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
COMMON CARDIAC DIAGNOSTICS

Blood enzymes:
_________________ (Creatine Phosphokinase) – found
in brain and muscle tissue. Elevated in MI 3-6
hours after infarction; peaks in ___________
hours.
 _____________ (Lactic Dehydrogenase) – produced
during Krebs cycle. Elevated ___________ days
after heart attack
 _____________- early detection. Elevated _______
hours after MI and peaks in ________ hours.
Returns to normal in 12 hours
 ______________- Related to contraction of heart.
Peaks in ___________ hours. Returns to normal
in __________ weeks

WAVE FORM MEASUREMENTS
__________________ – record of electrical activity
produced by heart with each heartbeat. Shows
damage to heart muscle and/or conduction.
 ____________________– ECG recorded over
extended time (24-48 hours). Correlated to
activity via patient diary.
 _________________– ECG recorded during
exercise; purposely stress heart.

IMAGING TECHNIQUES
____________ – Image of heart, lungs and great
vessels using ______________ rays. Shows size
and shape of heart.
 _____________ – Image of myocardium, chambers,
valves, and blood flow using sound waves. Shows
these structures in action.
 __________ – Image of myocardium, chambers
and valves using magnetism. Shows soft tissue
best.

MORE IMAGING TECHNIQUES


___________ – Image of metabolic heart activity.
Shows areas of necrotic tissue.
__________________________ (Heart Cath) –
Image of coronary arteries using contrast
medium and fluoroscopy. Shows patency and/or
occlusion of heart arteries. May lead to
angioplasty or CABG.
MORE TREATMENTS

Surgery:

_________________ – decrease size of coronary
obstruction by inflating balloon at site during Heart
Cath. Keep open with a stint.

_______________ – use veins or artery from other sites
to bypass blocked coronary areas.
COMMON TREATMENTS

Medications:








___________________- (Angiotensin- converting
enzyme)expands vessels and decrease resistance. Lowers
angiotensin. End in -pril
_____________- (Angiotensin II receptor blockers) Cozaar
________________________-decrease HR and cardiac output.
End in –olol
___________________________________-interrupts Ca
moving into cells of heart and blood vessels. Ex:Cardizem
______________- rids body of excess fluids and sodium. Ex:
Lasix
______________________- relaxes vessels and increases
supply of blood and O2 to heart. Ex: Nitroglycerin
__________________- increases force of heart contractions
_________________- lowers cholesterol
MORE MEDICATIONS
___________________ – decrease clotting ability.
Heparin or Coumadin
 _____________________– dissolve clots within 8 hours
of formation. Streptokinase, TPA.
 _________________ – Keeps blood clot from forming.
Aspirin- Given as prophylactic daily or 1st Aid for MI.

CARDIAC SPECIALISTS


_________________________ – MD who dx and tx
cardiac/coronary disease/disorders medically.
Does stress test, heart cath and angioplasty
procedures.
Cardiac Surgeon – MD who does heart and
coronary surgery. CABG and transplant.
MORE SPECIALISTS


______________________________– on-the-job
trained person who operates ECG machine.
____________________________– ECG tech who
has specialized training in ultrasonography of the
heart.