Transcript Whittaker et al., 2010 - Ganesha Associates

Competências Básicas de Investigação
Científica e de Publicação
Lecture 3: How publishing works and
how to become a better author.
Phonoaudiology November 2013
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For you, getting published is important…
• Attribution of priority via peer review
– It’s new (probably), you were the first !
• Verification via peer review
– Your conclusions are clear and plausible
– Your methodology is appropriate
• Communication
– Integration into the consensus view
– Permanent archive
– Replication
• Professional advancement !!
–
–
–
–
Broad readership
High rates of citation (= recognition)
CAPES Qualis points
$$$$$
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So, the Editor has two choices…
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Rejection: Royal Society for Chemistry
• “Articles submitted to our journals are prescreened so the editor that is handling the
article decides that the article is either out of
the journal scope or that the article is clearly
below the quality level of the journal.
• The pre-screening rates of our journals varies
a lot. Our high quality journals have a pre
screen rate of about 80%.”
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The importance of rejection rates
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Reasons for rejection
• Mismatch with journal aims and scope [submit to
wrong journal]
• Failure to follow journal’s instructions to authors
• Badly written, bad English, bad Portuguese
• Lack of originality, novelty or significance [weak
hypothesis]
• Flaws in study design [poor experimental design]
• Several of these problems are easily avoidable!
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Lost in translation
• “Poor English” often used as a euphemism for
“badly written”
• Poor Portuguese translates as poor English
• If the science is clear (title, abstract, intro,
results) the chances of rejection are reduced
So which journal should I choose?
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Orthopaedic physical therapy
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Impact Factor : 1.875
J. Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy Impact Factor : 2.538
Physical Therapy Impact Factor : 2.645
Spine Impact Factor : 2.624
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Impact Factor : 2.358
American J. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Impact Factor : 1.556
The Journal Of Hand Surgery Impact Factor : 1.572
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Impact Factor : 2.676
J. Bone and Joint Surgery Impact Factor : 2.967
Journal selection criteria
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Your hypothesis
Aims and scope of journal
Impact Factor
Speed and ease of publication
Publisher’s statistics on circulation, downloads
Colleagues
Qualis ranking
What is an Impact factor?
• For a given year, the impact factor is the average
number of citations per paper published during the
two preceding years.
– A = number of times articles published in 2006 and 2007
were cited by other indexed journals during 2008.
– B = total number of articles published in 2006 and 2007.
– 2008 impact factor = A/B.
• Used as a proxy for the relative importance of a
journal within its field based on a measure of the
average number of citations received by each article.
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60
40
Frequency
20
0
0
20
Frequency
40
60
Try to publish in international journals with good
impact factors
0
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100
200
Total citations 2007-2012
300
0
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10
20
30
40
Total citations 2007-2012
50
Example: Nature press release July 2013
• “The 2012 Journal Citation Report (JCR) places
Nature Communications at #3 and Scientific
Reports at #8 in the top 10 Multidisciplinary
Sciences titles.
• Nature remains #1 in the Multidisciplinary
Sciences, with an Impact Factor of 38.597, and
is the most cited science journal in the world
with 554,745 citations in 2012.”
So getting published isn’t easy…
• Journal editors are fiercely competitive
• They only want to publish articles that will
improve the standing of their journal
• So they select only those articles that they
think will be highly cited…
• And reject the majority of articles sent to
them [up to 90+%]
Implications for you!
• Identify the most important journals in your field
• Check their impact factors, Qualis rankings
• Read the ‘Aims and Scope’ statements for each
journal carefully
• Does your hypothesis fit the Aims and Scope?
• Can you find similar articles in recently published
issues?
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Cell: Aims and Scope
• Cell publishes findings of unusual significance in any
area of experimental biology, including but not
limited to cell biology, molecular biology,
neuroscience, immunology, virology and
microbiology, cancer, human genetics, systems
biology, signaling, and disease.
• The basic criterion for considering papers is whether
the results provide significant conceptual advances
into, or raise provocative questions and hypotheses
regarding an interesting biological question.
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Journal of Voice: Aims and scope
The Journal of Voice includes clinical and research
articles that are of interest to all professionals of all
backgrounds. Papers are solicited on all aspects of
voice, including basic voice science, acoustics,
anatomy, synthesis, medical and surgical treatment
of voice problems, voice therapy, voice pedagogy,
and studies in other areas that increase the
knowledge of normal (including performance) and
abnormal vocal function in adults and children.
Review articles will also be considered.
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology:
Aims and Scope
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology publishes
original contributions in otolaryngology and the
associated areas (cranio-maxillo-facial surgery and
phoniatrics).
The aim of this journal is the national and
international divulgation of the scientific production
interesting to the otolaryngology, as well as the
discussion, in editorials, of subjects of scientific,
academic and professional relevance.
Inside a primary journal: Cell
• Cell was launched in 1974 as the
journal of exciting biology.
• Now a part of Elsevier’s Cell
Press, a family of 15 journals,
• Cell’s Ph.D.-trained scientific
editors work with authors,
reviewers, and editorial board
members with the goal of
publishing 26 issues of the most
interesting discoveries in biology
every year
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What is the Editor looking for ?
• Plausibility
– Is the experimental design robust ?
– How effectively have the alternative hypotheses
been excluded ?
• Topicality
– Is the work original
– Is it interesting ?
– Is it relevant ?
– Is it useful ?
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Covering letter format
• Address to the editor personally
• State your manuscript title and publication
type
• Give a brief background, rationale and
description of your results
• Explain the importance of your findings and
why they would be of interest to the journal’s
target audience
• Supply details of possible reviewers
The role of peer review
– History
– Anonymous
– Multiple, to avoid bias
– Validation/accreditation
– Selecting the best
• Or avoiding the worse ?
– Alternatives
• Neuroscience
• PLos One
• Elsevier
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Peer review – the pros
– The process forces authors to meet the
standards of their discipline and achieve
scientific objectivity.
– Publications that do not involve peer
review are likely to be regarded with
suspicion by scholars and professionals in
many fields.
– Peer review is important to achieve clear,
precise writing.
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Peer review – the cons
– A peer is likely to be a competitor. How objective are they
going to be ?
– Most articles get published and the quality of articles
published in high impact titles such as Nature is highly
variable.
– Authors are encouraged by the publishing process to
exaggerate their claims and even be selective of the data
being published, leading to bias
– Negative findings are rarely published, leading to further bias
when judging the effectiveness say of new medical
technologies
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Alternatives: PLOS ONE
• PLOS ONE is a journal that publishes reports of
original research from all disciplines within science
and medicine.
• PLOS ONE will rigorously peer-review manuscripts
and will publish all papers that are technically sound.
• Judgments about the importance of any particular
paper are made after publication by the readership,
I,e, citations, article downloads.
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A letter of rejection
Dear Author,
We have received the reports from our advisors on your manuscript
XYZ-D-13-00220 “Title********************************".
With regret, I must inform you that, based on the advice received, I have decided that your manuscript
cannot be accepted for publication in the Journal of Imaginary Microbiology.
Below, please find the comments for your perusal.
You are kindly requested to also check the website for possible reviewer attachment(s).
I would like to thank you very much for forwarding your manuscript to us for consideration and wish you
every success in finding an alternative place of publication.
With kind regards,
Editor
What to do next
• Unconditional rejection
–
–
–
–
Editor offers no opportunity for appeal
Show comments to colleagues
Revise as though the rejection was conditional
Submit to a different journal
• Conditional rejection
– Regard this as an opportunity to improve your paper
– Show comments to colleagues
– Respond to all comments and record your actions in a
covering letter
– Consider submitting to a better journal!
Reviewer comments - example
• The paper needs to be formatted properly for the journal.
• This reviewer was only able to find information for papers
submitted with Introduction, materials and methods,
results and discussion sections while much of this is in the
paper the format appears to be incorrect even for a short
communication.
• It was difficult to find the number of samples taken or to
understand the experimental set-up as written; changing
the style to a more traditional journal format as suggested
above would help with this.
• In addition the most important reference Brown et al 2013
is missing!
Reviewer comments - example
This paper describes clinical and cytogenetic finding in a child with
retinoblastoma who had an aggressive fatal course. The authors postulate
that this may be related to changes in chromosome 6. However, it is
difficult to see how the findings here either promote or negate that
hypothesis. In addition several other problems should be addressed:
a. Abstract, line 9: could (not should)
b. Abstract: define IO
c. Staging details at the time of initial diagnosis are inadequate. Were scans
done of the head? chest? abdomen? pelvis? bone?
d. One assumes that the right eye was normal at initial diagnosis but this is
not stated.
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Referee’s comments can be confusing
Referee response letter
• Respond to all of the reviewers’ comments
• Describe all of the changes you have made in the letter
• Also describe the reasons why you have not made
suggested changes
• Make it easy to see the changes have made in the
manuscript itself
– Refer to line and page numbers
– Different color font
– Highlight the text
Referee response letter
• If you disagree with the reviewer with the reviewer be clear
why:
– Reviewer Comment: In your analysis of the data you have
chosen to use a somewhat obscure fitting function (regression).
In my opinion, a simple Gaussian function would have sufficed.
Moreover, the results would be more instructive and easier to
compare to previous results.
– Author response: We agree with the reviewer that a simple
Gaussian fit would facilitate comparison with the results of
other studies. However, our tailored function allows for the
analysis of the data in terms of the Smith model [Smith et al,
1998]. We have added two sentences to the paper (page 3
paragraph 2) to explain the use of this function and Smith’s
model.
Break
You…
• How can we improve our research outputs?
– Quantity
– Quality
• How can we avoid rejection?
• How can we increase citation rates?
• How can we publish in quality journals?
Where does it go wrong?
Project
proposal
Experiment,
results,
analysis
Write article
?
Submit to
journal
Rejection/
acceptance
Re-submit
Project titles – the problem starts here
• Análise dos limiares de sensibilidade à pressão e
à corrente elétrica em acupontos em indivíduos
com e sem migrânea
• Frequência, localização anatômica e limiar de
percepção dolorosa em pontos gatilhos
miofasciais na cabeça e pescoço em mulheres
com migrânea.
• Ultrassonografia e eletromiografia de superfície
dos músculos flexores cervicais em mulheres com
migrânea e cefaleia do tipo tensional
Titles are easily improved – focus on
outcomes rather than methods
• DIAPHRAGM RELEASE MANUAL TECHNIQUE
EFFECTS ON DIAPHRAGMATIC MOBILITY,
RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH AND
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE IN COPD PATIENTS:
A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.
• MANUAL DIAPHRAGM RELEASE TECHNIQUE
INCREASES TIDAL VOLUME IN ELDERLY COPD
PATIENTS
Frequência, localização anatômica e limiar de percepção
dolorosa em pontos gatilhos miofasciais na cabeça e pescoço em
mulheres com migrânea.
Context: Migraine is a very common pain syndrome and the mechanisms that
can cause or aggravate the pain and the consequences of its chronicity are
still not completely understood. Studies have shown that migraine is
associated with a central sensitization phenomena in which noxious stimuli
cause changes in the central nervous system , sensitizing cranial nociceptors
and reducing their activation threshold . In this context , the constant
peripheral nociceptive input due to myofascial trigger points in the muscles of
the head and neck may be associated with the onset of the migraine attack .
The elucidation of the role of trigger points in migraine is essential in order to
establish and direct physical therapy through tools useful for patients with
myofascial disorders associated with migrainous framework .
Objective: To evaluate and compare differences in the frequency , anatomical
location and sensory threshold pressure of the trigger points of the trapezius
( descending fibers ) , masseter , sternocleidomastoid , in women with and
without migraine .
Hypotheses – mechanism not
measurement
• Patients with migraine have a higher amount
of myofascial trigger points in the temporalis,
masseter, sternocleidomastoid and
descending trapezius muscles.
• Patients with migraine have a low threshold
for pain sensation in these points.
• Cutaneous mechanical cephalic and extracephalic allodynia vary within one month
Finding this information is not difficult
Top ten journals in this field
1. Headache Total score: 1.46
2. Pain Total score: 1.24
3. Current pain and headache reports Total score: 0.91
4. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache Total score: 0.71
5. The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Soc Total score: 0.51
6. European journal of neurology : the official journal of the Eur Total score: 0.47
7. Medical hypotheses Total score: 0.41
8. Brain : a journal of neurology Total score: 0.41
9. Chinese medicine Total score: 0.39
10. Neurology Total score: 0.39
Conclusions
• Make sure your hypothesis is firmly rooted in
the current literature
• Identify at least one journal that is publishing
work based on similar hypotheses
• If your reference list does not contain many
recently published articles, you have a
problem
Measuring group performance
The h-index is an index that attempts to
measure both the productivity and impact of
the published work of a scientist or scholar.
The index is based on the set of the scientist's
most cited papers and the number of citations
that they have received in other publications
Fisioterapia - departmental performance
8
7
6
H-index
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
5
10
15
Article output 2008-2013
20
25
Why do papers not get cited?
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Echocardiography evaluations for
asymptomatic patients with severe obesity
Abstract
Objective: To study the systolic and diastolic function of asymptomatic patients with
severe obesity using a Doppler echocardiography. Methods: Thirty candidates for
bariatric surgery, with an average BMI of 49.2 ± 8.8 Kg/m2 and no previous history of
heart disease were evaluated through transthoracic echocardiography. Results:
Enlarged left chambers were observed in 42.9% of the sample, diastolic dysfunction in
54.6% and left ventricular hypertrophy in 82.1%, of which 50% of the cases presented
the geometric pattern of eccentric hypertrophy. Indexation of left ventricular mass to
height resulted in a significantly higher number of diagnoses for hypertrophy than
indexation to body surface area (p = 0.0053), demonstrating that this index is more
appropriate to determine ventricular hypertrophy in obese people. Correlations
between left ventricular hypertrophy with obesity duration and pressure levels were
positive as well as correlations between body mass index and diastolic dysfunction
indicators. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that echocardiograms performed on
asymptomatic severely obese patients can detect alterations in the cardiac structure
that are common in cases of obesity cardiomyopathy and can be associated with the
development of heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden death, enabling the
identification of patients with greater cardiovascular risk.
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Echocardiography evaluations for
asymptomatic patients with severe obesity
• Objective: To study the systolic and diastolic function of
asymptomatic patients with severe obesity using a
Doppler echocardiography.
• Conclusion: This study demonstrated that
echocardiograms performed on asymptomatic severely
obese patients can detect alterations in the cardiac
structure that are common in cases of obesity
cardiomyopathy and can be associated with the
development of heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden
death, enabling the identification of patients with
greater cardiovascular risk.
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Echocardiography identifies obese patients
at risk of cardiovascular complications
• Objective: Can echocardiograms be used to
identify patients at risk of cardiovascular
complications?
• Conclusion: Echocardiograms detect common
alterations in the cardiac structure in
asymptomatic severely obese patients. These
changes are associated with the development of
heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden death.
Thus, echocardiograms can be used to identify
patients at risk of cardiovascular complications.
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Use eTBLAST to identify similar articles
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Top 10 Journals for your area of interest:
1. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia Total score: 1.12
2. Hypertension Total score: 0.93
3. The American journal of cardiology Total score: 0.91
4. Journal of hypertension Total score: 0.85
5. Journal of the American College of Cardiology Total score: 0.73
6. International journal of cardiology Total score: 0.67
7. European heart journal Total score: 0.63
8. Journal of human hypertension Total score: 0.59
9. Acta cardiologica Total score: 0.52
10. Giornale italiano di cardiologia Total score: 0.37
Hunt the hypothesis
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Do malnutrition and fluoxetine neonatal treatment
program alterations in heart morphology?
Abstract: Growth and development events are observed in all organisms and
can be modified by exogenous factors such as nutritional changes. Drastic
morphological and functional alterations may occur during a vulnerable stage
of development. The aim of this study was to investigate if malnutrition
and/or fluoxetine neonatal treatment program alterations in heart
morphology during the postnatal period. The sample consisted of 48 albino
Wistar male rats. The rats were divided into two groups: nourished and
malnourished. Pharmacologic manipulation was performed during the
suckling period. The animals of each group were divided into two subgroups:
saline-nourished and saline-malnourished, treated with sodium chloride
solution, and fluoxetine-nourished and fluoxetine-malnourished, treated with
fluoxetine. Half of the individuals in each subgroup were weighed and
sacrificed on day 30 and the other half on day 71. Myocardial perfusion was
performed and the heart subsequently weighed. The ventricles were crosssectioned into two parts, which were fixed, dehydrated and sectioned. There
were differences in body weight, heart weight, cross-sectional area and
perimeter of the heart and in the cross-sectional area and perimeter of the
cardiac cells among the groups at the different ages. Malnutrition appears to
program alterations in heart morphology. However, malnourished animals
that had undergone drug treatment did not exhibit the same changes
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Introduction
Long-term consequences in adult life dependent on environmental stimuli during critical periods of development (fetal, neonatal or infancy) have
been evidenced by epidemiological and animal studies (Hales and Barker, 1992, Ozanne et al., 1998 and Lopes de Souza et al., 2008). The mechanism
associated with these effects is called “programming”, whereby environmental aggression during a critical period of development would have
permanent effects on the structure and function of the organs (Lucas, 1991). Nutritional status during the critical period of development has been
considered an important inducer of programming in both animals and humans. A growth rate deficit, increased oxidative damage and changes in
glucose/insulin metabolism have been observed in rats submitted early in life to either a maternal dietary-protein restriction (40–50% of normal
intake) or to low-protein diet throughout gestation and lactation (Desai et al., 1996, Ozanne et al., 1998 and Toscano et al., 2008). In humans, a
number of epidemiological studies have provided support to the association between low birth weight and metabolic diseases in adult life (Hales and
Barker, 1992 and Ravelli et al., 1998). The effects of early malnutrition on cardiac development have been investigated.
Malnutrition prevents growth and causes an overall deterioration of tissue, especially a severe loss of muscular tissue, including cardiac muscle
(Bergman et al., 1988, Almeida and Mandarim-de-Lacerda, 2005 and Toscano et al., 2008). During its development, the heart is damaged by the
adverse effects of malnutrition (Fioretto et al., 2002). Animal studies show that malnutrition reduces heart cell mass proportionally to weight loss
(Alden et al., 1987, Pissaia et al., 1980, Vandewoude and Buyssens, 1992 and Webb et al., 1986).
The interference in the growth and development processes caused by malnutrition is also seen in the balance of neurotransmitter systems. Regarding
the serotonergic system, malnutrition in early life in rats reduces serotonergic fibers and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake sites in the hippocampus (Blatt et
al., 1994). Even after short periods of food restriction, metabolic 5-HT changes and also changes in the levels of other substances, such as dopamine,
were noted in rat pups (Ishida et al. 1997). It is well known that protein malnutrition early in life promotes an increase of 5-HT and norepinephrine
levels in rat brain (Sobotka et al., 1974, Stern et al., 1975 and Resnick et al., 1979). There is also evidence that norepinephrine is increased in the heart
of malnourished rats (Pissaia et al., 1980).
Besides its action as a neurotransmitter, 5-HT plays a role in regulating the growth of neural and non-neural tissues (Buznicov et al., 2001). Serotonin is
believed to act as a morphogenetic signal in rat embryos, possibly regulating the action or expression of other growth regulatory molecules (Yavarone
et al., 1993). Manipulation of the serotonergic system may affect cardiovascular morphogenesis (Negibil et al., 2001) as well as regulating heart cell
growth (Yavarone et al., 1993).
According to these hypotheses, optimal serotonin levels may be mitogenic, although high concentrations of this amine seem to be inhibitory
(Yavarone et al., 1993). The use of 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) during development of the embryo decreased the cell proliferation in the
myocardium, cardiac mesenchyma and endothelium growth (Yavarone et al., 1993). Fetal and early infancy environmental exposure can impair
cardiovascular health and functioning (Mone et al., 2004). Among the cardiovascular problems that may be caused by environmental exposure is
abnormal anatomic development (Mone et al., 2004). Therefore there is increasing evidence that the cardiovascular system is susceptible to external
influences throughout gestation and after birth (Mone et al., 2004).
Considering the nutritional and the neurotransmitters influences on body and heart development it would be very opportune to compare the
consequences of the early malnutrition and 5-HT pharmacological manipulations on body and heart growth. The aim of this study was therefore to
investigate if malnutrition and/or fluoxetine neonatal treatment program alterations in heart morphology.
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Introduction
Considering the nutritional and the
neurotransmitters influences on body and
heart development it would be very
opportune to compare the consequences
of the early malnutrition and 5-HT
pharmacological manipulations on body
and heart growth. The aim of this study
was therefore to investigate if malnutrition
and/or fluoxetine neonatal treatment
program alterations in heart morphology.
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Choosing the right journal
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Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in
dry tropical forests of Northeast Brazil
The arbuscular mycorrhizal association is one of the important
strategies used by plants in arid and semiarid regions to support water
scarcity and soil nutrient deficiency. In this study the diversity and
activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were investigated in two
types of dry tropical forest. Soil and roots samples were collected in
areas of thorny dry woody savanna (TDWS) and in areas of mixed
savanna and montane deciduous shrub (SMDS) in Pernambuco State,
Brazil. Twenty seven species from 10 genera of Glomeromycota were
identified, and Acaulospora was the most representative. An average
of 50 spores per 100 g of soil was recovered from the two areas. The
infection potential of the AMF was determined using colonized root
fragments and extraradical mycelium and demonstrated the
importance of these propagules for the colonization of roots. Under the
same semiarid conditions, the two tropical dry forests studied harbored
distinct AMF communities indicating that the soil and vegetation type
are the key influencers of the composition and activity of these fungi in
the studied areas.
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Using eTBLAST to find similar articles
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Top 10 Journals for your area of interest:
1. Mycorrhiza Total score: 8.23
2. Oecologia Total score: 1.40
3. The New phytologist Total score: 1.31
4. Mycologia Total score: 0.81
5. Molecular ecology Total score: 0.75
6. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology /
7. Applied and environmental microbiology Total score: 0.65
8. Environmental microbiology Total score: 0.62
9. Revista de biología tropical Total score: 0.46
10. Journal of plant physiology Total score: 0.44
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Total score: 0.67
EDANZ Journal Selector
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The importance of structure
Title
Document
Summary
Sections
Introduction
Paragraphs
Results
Sentences
Discussion
Phrases
Bird odour predicts reproductive success
Abstract: Although the importance of chemical communication in birds has
long been overlooked or doubted, volatile compounds in avian preen
secretions have been shown to covary with traits including species, sex and
breeding condition, and thus may be useful mate recognition cues. Here we
demonstrate for the first time that these compounds may reliably predict
reproductive success in a North American songbird, the dark-eyed junco,
Junco hyemalis. Several compounds associated with sex differences in this
species varied with reproductive success, such that females with a more
‘female-like’ volatile profile and males with a more ‘male-like’ profile
produced more genetic offspring. A male's preen oil volatile compounds also
predicted his success in rearing offspring in his home nest: males with a
higher abundance of ‘male-like’ compounds had more surviving nestlings,
including offspring sired by extrapair males. Finally, males with a higher
abundance of ‘female-like’ compounds had more extrapair offspring in their
home nests. Our results suggest that odours correlate with reproductive
success and thus have qualities that could allow them to serve as reliable
mate assessment cues in birds.
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Bird odour predicts reproductive success
Introduction: The previously described relationships between preen oil volatile compounds and individual variation,
these compounds have the qualities required to serve as species recognition cues (they are highly divergent among
species: Haribal et al., 2005 and Mardon et al., 2010) and as mate recognition cues (the concentration of these
compounds differs between the sexes and with breeding condition: Soini et al., 2007, Whittaker et al.,
2010 and Whittaker et al., 2011b). Mate assessment cues must advertise the sender's individual identity and quality,
and be highly variable among individuals (Johansson & Jones 2007).
In the present study, we examined whether volatile compounds in preen gland secretions covary with individual
quality and thus could serve as reliable mate assessment cues. Definitions of individual quality vary, but are generally
based on phenotypic characters that correlate with fitness (Lailvaux & Kasumovic 2011), although some studies imply
that quality and fitness are interchangeable (Wilson & Nussey 2010). In this study, we chose to test whether these
potential cues correlated with reproductive success, defined as the number of surviving offspring produced.
We tested whether measurements of preen oil volatile compounds collected early in the breeding season predicted
genetic and social reproductive success in the same season. Our study organism is the dark-eyed junco, Junco
hyemalis, a songbird that has recently been the subject of avian chemical communication studies ( Soini et al., 2007,
Whittaker et al., 2009, Whittaker et al., 2010, Whittaker et al., 2011a and Whittaker et al., 2011b).
For comparison, we also tested whether visual cues, including plumage traits and morphological measurements, could
predict reproductive success in these birds, or whether chemical signals might be a more reliable predictor.
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Bird odour predicts reproductive success
Introduction: The previously described relationships between preen oil volatile compounds and
individual variation, these compounds have the qualities required to serve as species recognition cues.
In the present study, we examined whether volatile compounds in preen gland secretions covary with
individual quality and thus could serve as reliable mate assessment cues.
We tested whether measurements of preen oil volatile compounds collected early in the breeding
season predicted genetic and social reproductive success in the same season.
For comparison, we also tested whether visual cues, including plumage traits and morphological
measurements, could predict reproductive success in these birds, or whether chemical signals might be
a more reliable predictor.
18/10/2013
Ganesha Associates
REGIONAL LUNG VENTILATION DISTRIBUTION AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH
CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AFTER AN INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING
PROGRAME: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
Introduction: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex syndrome caused by functional or structural cardiac abnormalities, leading to defects in
ventricular filling/ejection. As a result, the heart is unable to adequately supply the blood demand of tissues.1,2
The main symptoms of CHF are dyspnea and fatigue,3,4 caused by a physiopathological interaction beyond the hemodynamic disorder itself.3-6
Research shows that the lungs, with the exception of possible pulmonary function damage, are not responsible for reduced functional capacity in
patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).4 Since hemodynamic and pulmonary limitations do not sufficiently explain the appearance of fatigue and
dyspnea in CHF sufferers, several studies suggest that skeletal muscle abnormalities may contribute to these symptoms among subjects with CHF.6,7
Fatigue and dyspnea hamper performance in activities of daily living and exercise among patients with CHF.8 These symptoms are caused by skeletal
muscle atrophy, lower percentages of type I fibers in relation to type II, a decline in oxidative enzymes with rapid depletion of glycolytic mechanisms,
as well as a decrease in the size and number of mitochondria.9 In addition, respiratory muscle weakness may be involved in increased breathing
effort during hyperpnea required to perform activities with greater energy expenditure.10
Inspiratory muscle dysfunction is characterized by a reduction in their ability to generate pressure and force. This decreased strength is the result of
histological and biochemical changes. Based on diaphragm biopsies of individuals with CHF, histological studies recorded an increase in type I fibers,
suggesting a compensatory mechanism for the ventilation overload of these muscles. 11 Moreover, weakness in these muscles can also be explained
by the reduced diameter of muscular fibers, causing mechanical alterations.12 Clinically, this dysfunction may lead to limited exercise ability and
diminished quality of life, as well as a less favorable prognosis among individuals affected.10
In an attempt to reduce respiratory muscle dysfunction in CHF sufferers, several investigations have demonstrated the effects of Inspiratory Muscle
Training (IMT). 8,10,13 Inspiratory muscles, particularly the diaphragm, exhibit plasticity and are therefore susceptible to the principles of training.14 In
accordance with the specificity of training, IMT improves respiratory function in daily activities with regard to the type of muscle recruitment pattern
required during exercise or activities of daily living of patients. 15
A recent study by Chiappa et al 13, recorded a 72% increase in MIP among individuals who underwent IMT and suffered from CHF related to
inspiratory muscle weakness, compared to patients not submitted to training. Using ultrasound testing, the investigation also found that IMT
provoked notable diaphragmatic hypertrophy.
Another clinically significant aspect in CHF sufferers is the presence of cardiomegaly in some patients. In this condition expansion of the chest wall is
limited and extrapulmonary restriction, caused by competition between the lungs and heart for space inside the chest, may occur. As the disease
advances and worsens, in association with cardiomegaly, episodes of dyspnea become more frequent and severe with minimal effort and muscle
fatigue sets in progressively sooner.14-15
Thus, the present study aims to assess regional lung ventilation distribution in patients with CHF after completing an inspiratory muscle training
program
and correlate it with functional capacity and quality of life
amongAssociates
these individuals.
18/10/2013
Ganesha
REGIONAL LUNG VENTILATION DISTRIBUTION AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH
CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AFTER AN INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING
PROGRAME: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
Introduction: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex syndrome caused by functional or structural cardiac
abnormalities, leading to defects in ventricular filling/ejection.
The main symptoms of CHF are dyspnea and fatigue,3,4 caused by a physiopathological interaction beyond the
hemodynamic disorder itself.3-
Fatigue and dyspnea hamper performance in activities of daily living and exercise among patients with CHF.8
Inspiratory muscle dysfunction is characterized by a reduction in their ability to generate pressure and force.
In an attempt to reduce respiratory muscle dysfunction in CHF sufferers, several investigations have demonstrated
the effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT). 8,10,13
A recent study by Chiappa et al 13, recorded a 72% increase in MIP among individuals who underwent IMT and
suffered from CHF related to inspiratory muscle weakness, compared to patients not submitted to training. Using
ultrasound testing, the investigation also found that IMT provoked notable diaphragmatic hypertrophy.
Another clinically significant aspect in CHF sufferers is the presence of cardiomegaly in some patients.
Thus, the present study aims to assess regional lung ventilation distribution in patients with CHF after completing an
inspiratory muscle training program and correlate it with functional capacity and quality of life among these
individuals.
18/10/2013
Ganesha Associates
REGIONAL LUNG VENTILATION DISTRIBUTION AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH
CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AFTER AN INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING
PROGRAME: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
18/10/2013
Ganesha Associates
REGIONAL LUNG VENTILATION DISTRIBUTION AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH
CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AFTER AN INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING
PROGRAME: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
Pathophysiology: The main symptoms of chronic heart failure (CHF) are dyspnea and fatigue,3,4 Several
studies suggest that skeletal muscle abnormalities may contribute to these symptoms. 6,7 Diaphragm
biopsies of individuals with CHF show an increase in type I fibers, suggesting a compensatory
mechanism for the ventilation overload of these muscles. 11 Moreover, weakness in these muscles can
also be explained by the reduced diameter of muscular fibers, causing mechanical alterations. 12
Clinical presentation: Clinically, this dysfunction may lead to limited exercise ability and diminished
quality of life, as well as a less favorable prognosis among individuals affected.10 Some CHF patients
have cardiomegaly. Expansion of the chest wall is limited and extra-pulmonary restriction, caused by
competition between the lungs and heart for space inside the chest, may occur. As the disease advances
episodes of dyspnea become more frequent and muscle fatigue sets in progressively sooner.14-15
Current treatment: In an attempt to increase respiratory muscle function in CHF sufferers, several
investigations have demonstrated the positive effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT). 8,10,13 IMT
improves respiratory function in daily activities with regard to the type of muscle recruitment pattern
required during exercise or activities of daily living of patients. 15 For example, a recent study by
Chiappa et al 13, recorded a 72% increase in MIP in CHF patients who underwent IMT. Using ultrasound
testing, the investigation also found that IMT provoked notable diaphragmatic hypertrophy.
Purpose of study: Here we show that IMT improved muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of
life in CHS patients. We also analyzed the distribution behavior of lung volumes for the
thoracoabdominal system in this population and found that larger abdominal rib cage and abdomen
volumes may result in more effective diaphragmatic contraction.
18/10/2013
Ganesha Associates
INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING IMPROVES REGIONAL LUNG VENTILATION
DISTRIBUTION IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED
CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
Introduction: The main symptoms of chronic heart failure
(CHF) are dyspnea and fatigue.
Clinically, this dysfunction may lead to limited exercise ability
and diminished quality of life, as well as a less favourable
prognosis among individuals affected.
In an attempt to increase respiratory muscle function in CHF
sufferers, several investigations have demonstrated the
positive effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT).
Here we show that IMT improved muscle strength, functional
capacity and quality of life in CHS patients.
18/10/2013
Ganesha Associates
Conclusions
• Hypothesis quality needs to improve
• Authors can always make a better job of
presenting their findings
• Always aim for an international journal, just
makes sure it is the right one
• Structured Portuguese gives birth to structured
English
02/10/2013
Ganesha Associates 2013
Main opportunities for success - 2013
• Start with a well-defined hypothesis that has
its foundations firmly rooted in the
international literature.
• Have a clear message
• Develop a well-structured writing style
• Understand the publishing process
• Choose the right journal at the beginning of
the project
02/10/2013
Ganesha Associates 2013
Good luck!
Experimental and observational types of
research
Title
Source title
What people with aphasia want: Their goals according to
the ICF
Epigenotype-phenotype correlations in Silver-Russell
syndrome
Formant centralization ratio: A proposal for a new acoustic
measure of dysarthric speech
All-cause health care utilization and costs associated with
newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis in the United States
Aphasiology
Clinical and biological parameters in 166 boys, adolescents
and adults with nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome: A
Copenhagen experience
Post-high school service use among young adults with an
autism spectrum disorder
Blind randomized controlled study of the efficacy of
cognitive training in Parkinson's disease
Anomia training and brain stimulation in chronic aphasia
The submucous cleft palate: Diagnosis and therapy
Treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency by autologous
fat injection
Speech therapy in patients with excessive supragastric
belching - A pilot study
Exploratory randomized clinical study of pagoclone in
persistent developmental stuttering
Year
Cited by
2011
30
2010
27
2010
23
2010
21
2011
19
2011
19
2011
2011
2011
16
14
14
2010
13
2010
13
2010
12
Journal of Medical Genetics
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy
Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
Movement Disorders
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
Neurogastroenterology and Motility
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
Title
Journal
Termino-terminal hypoglossofacial anastomosis,
indications, results [Anastomose hypoglosso-faciale
termino-terminale. Indications. Résultats]
Speech intelligibility in cerebral palsy children attending
an art therapy program
Evaluating the feasibility and the potential efficacy of elearning-based speech therapy (EST) as a web application
for speech training in dysarthric patients with Parkinson's
Disease: A case study
Creativity and personality styles: An approach to creative
profiles in university students [Creatividad y estilos de
personalidad: Aproximación a un perfil creativo en
estudiantes universitarios]
Psychogenic dysphonia associated to other diseases: A
challenge for speech therapy [Disfonia psicogênica
associada a outras doenças: Desafio para o tratamento
fonoaudiológico]
Coordination between posture and phonation in vocal
effort behavior
Speech and swallowing disorders in amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis: Literature review [Alterações da fonação e
deglutição na esclerose lateral amiotrófica: Revisão de
literatura]
Revue de Laryngologie Otologie Rhinologie
Year
Cited by
2010
1
2010
1
2010
1
2010
1
2010
1
2010
1
2010
1
Medical Science Monitor
Telemedicine and e-Health
Anales de Psicologia
Pro-Fono
Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica
Revista Neurociencias
Journal of Voice
Voice problems of future speech-language pathologists.
The impact of phonation mode and vocal technique on vocal fold closure in young females with normal
voice quality
Acoustic voice analysis of prelingually deaf adults before and after cochlear implantation.
Quantifying component parts of indirect and direct voice therapy related to different voice disorders.
Acoustic and electroglottographic analyses of nonpathological, nonmodal phonation.
The effect of experience on classification of voice quality.
The vocal clarity of female speech-language pathology students: an exploratory study.
Obstacles to communication in children with cri du chat syndrome.
Current and emerging concepts in muscle tension dysphonia: a 30-month review.
Journal of Applied Oral Science
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2.1.5 Footnotes should be indicated by asterisks and restricted to the least amount
possible.
Results section
A total of 60 direct speech sessions were
completed during the 3 phases of the program.
The assessment procedures described above
were performed before and after the intensive
speech therapy and bulb reduction program. As
presented and described in Figure 7 all speech
alterations present before the interventions
were absent after the program (Figure 7).
Figure 7
Journal of Voice
• Legends to figures should be brief, specific,
and explanatory. They should not unduly
repeat information already given in the text
PLoS Medicine
Figure Legends
The aim of the figure legend should be to describe the
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