Transcript Week 8 - Elektra Media

Week 8
• Explain the need for transport systems in multicellular animals in terms of
size, activity and surface-area-to-volume ratio.
• Explain the meaning of the terms single and double circulatory systems with
reference to the circulatory systems of fish and mammals.
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Week 8
The surface-area-to-volume ratio changes with increasing size
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(a) Single circulation and (b) double circulation
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• Describe the external and internal structure of the mammalian heart.
• Explain the differences in thickness of the walls of the different chambers of
the heart in terms of their functions.
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The internal structure of the heart
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• Describe the cardiac cycle with reference to the action of the valves in the
heart.
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The cardiac cycle
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Action of the atrioventricular valves
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Pressures changes in the aorta, left ventricle and left atrium during one
heartbeat
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• Describe how heart action is coordinated with reference to the sinoatrial
node, the atrioventricular node and the Purkyne tissue.
• Interpret and explain electrocardiogram (ECG) traces with reference to
normal and abnormal heart activity.
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The pathway followed by the wave of excitation
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A normal ECG trace compared with others indicating an unhealthy heart
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