Transcript Chapters 22, 24, and 16 Review

Chapters 22, 24, and 16
Review
Questions
Cardio-Thoracic

What structure is referred to as the
“pacemaker of the heart”?

SA node
Cardio-Thoracic

Which portion of the heart receives the
unoxygenated blood?

right atrium
Cardio-Thoracic

Which portion of the heart is responsible
for pumping blood into the pulmonary
artery?

right ventricle
Cardio-Thoracic

Which portion of the heart is responsible
for pumping blood into the aorta?

left ventricle
Cardio-Thoracic

The coronary arteries arise from the ____.

aorta
Cardio-Thoracic

The coronary veins empty into the ____.

coronary sinus
Cardio-Thoracic

Which artery supplies blood to the walls of
the left atrium and ventricle?

circumflex
Cardio-Thoracic

Which structure is attached to the valvular
cusps and prevents valves from swinging
back into the atria?

chordae tendineae
Cardio-Thoracic

There are ____ pulmonary veins.

four
Cardio-Thoracic

Which structure prevents the trachea from
collapsing?

hyaline cartilage
Cardio-Thoracic

The structure between an alveoli and
bronchiole is the ____.

alveolar duct
Cardio-Thoracic

The microscopic air sacs clustered at the
end of the bronchiole are the ____.

alveoli
Cardio-Thoracic

The main bronchi, pulmonary arteries,
veins, and lymphatic vessels enter the
lung on the medial surface through the
____.

hilum
Cardio-Thoracic

The right lung is divided into how many
lobes?

three
Cardio-Thoracic

The heart lies ____.

slightly to the left within the mediastinum
Cardio-Thoracic

The heart is surrounded by the ____.

pericardium
Cardio-Thoracic

The cardiac cycle refers to the events
taking place during a ____.

single heartbeat
Cardio-Thoracic

When does the fetal heart begin
developing?

third week
Cardio-Thoracic

What is the most common congenital
chest deformity?

pectus excavatum
Cardio-Thoracic

What medical term refers to the abnormal
accumulation of air in the pleural cavity?

pneumothorax
Cardio-Thoracic

An abnormal opening in the wall between
the right and left ventricles of the heart is
known as a(n) ____.

ventricular septal defect
Cardio-Thoracic

Which surgical instrument is preferred for
the removal of a foreign body in the
bronchial tree of infants and children?

rigid bronchoscope
Cardio-Thoracic

Which surgical patient position is used for
a lobectomy?

posterolateral
Cardio-Thoracic

Which intercostal space is entered for a
thoracotomy?

fifth
Cardio-Thoracic

Which piece of equipment assumes the
role of the heart and lungs while
undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass?

pump oxygenator
Cardio-Thoracic

For aortic cannulation during
cardiopulmonary bypass, the cannula is
placed in the ____.

aorta
Cardio-Thoracic

What protects the heart from damage
during cardiopulmonary bypass?

hypothermia
Cardio-Thoracic

Which mechanical device is designed for
circulatory support after cardiac
procedures?

intra-aortic balloon pump
Cardio-Thoracic

Which type of hemostatic agent is placed
on each side of the sternum after a
median sternotomy?

bone wax
Cardio-Thoracic

Into which portion of the heart is the
cannula placed to achieve venous
cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass?

right atrium
Cardio-Thoracic

The parts of the sternum from superior to
inferior are ____.

manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
Cardio-Thoracic

What is the number of true ribs?

7
Cardio-Thoracic

The trachea divides at the ____ into right
and left bronchi.

carina
Cardio-Thoracic

Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs
through the ____.

pulmonary veins
Cardio-Thoracic

Another name for the mitral valve is the
____.

bicuspid
Cardio-Thoracic

A normal adult heart rate averages ____
beats per minute.

72
Cardio-Thoracic

The continuation of the umbilical vein is
known as the ____.

ductus venosus
Cardio-Thoracic

After birth, with the elimination of placental
circulation, which structure closes?

ductus arteriosus
Cardio-Thoracic

Symptomatic lesions of the mediastinum
are malignant in ____% of all patients?

60
Cardio-Thoracic

What percentage of all patients with
carcinoma of the lung are cigarette
smokers?

90%
Cardio-Thoracic

Which is the most common complaint in
the patient with a thoracic aorta
aneurysm?

chest pain
Cardio-Thoracic

For the posterolateral position, the
operating room personnel should have
what available?

beanbag
Cardio-Thoracic

It is most important that while handling the
lens with light cord, the STSR should not
____.

allow the lens with light cord to touch the
drape
Cardio-Thoracic

atrioventricular bundle =

bundle of His
Cardio-Thoracic

Refers to a congenital deformity of the
chest that is funnel-shaped….

pectus excavatum
Cardio-Thoracic

bicuspid valve =

mitral valve
Cardio-Thoracic

A general term designating primary
disease of the myocardium, often of
obscure and unknown etiology….

cardiomyopathy
Cardio-Thoracic

Characterized by an atrial and ventricular
rate of 100 beats per minute or more….

tachycardia
Cardio-Thoracic

Refers to a deformity of the chest wall that
results in a prominent sternum ….

pectus carinatum
Cardio-Thoracic

The compression of the heart due to a
collection of blood or fluid within the
pericardium….

cardiac tamponade
Cardio-Thoracic

Characterized by an atrial and ventricular
rate of 60 beats per minute or less….

bradycardia
Cardio-Thoracic

Used for closed water-seal drainage ….

Pleur-evac
Neurosurgery

The outermost layer of the meninges is the
____.

dura
Neurosurgery

A shallow groove on the brain is called a
____.

sulcus
Neurosurgery

The cerebral hemispheres are connected
by a deep bridge of nerve fibers called the
____.

corpus callosum
Neurosurgery

A deep groove in the brain is called a
____.

fissure
Neurosurgery

The area that usually occurs in the left
cerebral hemisphere and coordinates the
complex muscular movements associated
with speech is ____.

Broca's area
Neurosurgery

The left hemisphere is usually associated
with ____.

analytical thought
Neurosurgery

Masses of gray matter located deep within
the cerebral hemispheres are called the
____.

basal ganglia
Neurosurgery

The ____ serves as a relay station for
sensory impulses by channeling them to
appropriate regions of the cortex for
interpretation.

thalamus
Neurosurgery

The structures within the ventricles that
produce CSF are the ____.

choroid plexuses
Neurosurgery

The medulla oblongata controls breathing
rhythm, heart rate and ____________
______________.

Blood Pressure
Neurosurgery

Most CSF is produced within the ____
ventricle.

lateral
Neurosurgery

The aqueduct of Sylvius (cerebral
aqueduct) connects the ____ ventricles.

third and fourth
Neurosurgery

The structure that extends from the level
of the foramen magnum to the pons is the
____.

medulla oblongata
Neurosurgery

The ____ plays a key role in maintaining
homeostasis by regulating a variety of
visceral activities.

hypothalamus
Neurosurgery

The cerebellar hemispheres are joined in
the midline by a structure called the ____.
vermis
 ….separated by a layer of dura mater
called falx cerebelli, but joined……

Neurosurgery

The ____ is the largest of the cranial
nerves and has three branches.

trigeminal
Neurosurgery

The ____ nerve supplies the muscles that
act in adjusting the amount of light that
enters the eyes.

oculomotor
Neurosurgery

The ____ nerve has autonomic motor
fibers that supply the heart and a variety of
smooth muscles.

vagus
Neurosurgery

The ____ nervous system functions
independently and continuously without
conscious effort.

autonomic
Neurosurgery

Leroy-Raney clips are used on ____.

scalp edges
Neurosurgery

The best way to control bleeding on the
cut edges of bone is with ____.

bone wax
Neurosurgery

A ventricular shunt can be placed distally
in the ____.

atrium or the peritoneal cavity
Neurosurgery

A congenital collection of abnormal
vessels of the brain that increase in size
with time best describes a(n) ____.

arteriovenous malformation
Neurosurgery

Which condition results from an
obstruction of the flow of CSF,
overproduction of CSF, or improper
absorption of CSF?

hydrocephalus
Neurosurgery

Which condition results from a failure of
the bony structures around the neural tube
to close properly during embryonic
development?

spina bifida
Neurosurgery

What are the 4 sequential steps that
correctly outlines the procedure to turn a
bone flap?

incision, raise muscle flap, perforator,
craniotome
Neurosurgery

What is the best temperature for irrigation
used on the brain?

body temperature
Neurosurgery

For a laminectomy with discectomy, the
appropriate specimen is ____.

disk
Neurosurgery

What is the intraoperative purpose of a
large-bore spinal needle during spinal
procedures?

proper disk level identification through Xray
Neurosurgery

Which procedure involves the release of
the median nerve from the transverse
carpal ligament?

carpal tunnel release
Neurosurgery

A bulky dressing is used postoperatively
for a carpal tunnel release to ____.

restrict movements of the wrist
Neurosurgery

Which type of suture would most likely be
used to close the dura on an adult patient?

4-0 Neurolon
Neurosurgery

What bone forms portions of the base of
the cranium, sides of the skull, and base
and sides for the orbits?

sphenoid bone
Neurosurgery

The motor areas of the frontal lobes
control ____.

voluntary muscle movements
Neurosurgery

What area of the brain is responsible for
auditory comprehension?

Wernicke’s area
Neurosurgery

What is the largest structure of the basal
ganglia of the brain?

corpus striatum
Neurosurgery

Which system is responsible for
distinguishing between favorable or
unfavorable outside stimuli?

limbic
Neurosurgery

What is the second largest structure of the
brain?

cerebellum
Neurosurgery

The midbrain is located between the ____.

Diencephalon and pons

Diencephalon (encompasses the thalamus and
hypothalamus) and Mid-brain, pons & Medulla
Oblongata = Brain Stem
Neurosurgery

There are ____ bones in the cervical
region.

seven
Neurosurgery

What are the lateral extensions of the
pedicles in the spine called?

transverse processes
Neurosurgery

Which artery provides the brain with most
of its blood?

internal carotid artery
Neurosurgery

What nerve controls the voluntary muscles
of the pharynx, larynx, palate,
sternocleidomastoid, and trapezius?

accessory
Neurosurgery

Which term describes the organ of smell?

olfactory
Neurosurgery

Which malignant tumor of the brain usually
cannot be totally excised?

gliomas
Neurosurgery

Which tumor is marked by loss of hearing,
headache, vertigo, and facial pain?

acoustic neuroma
Neurosurgery

Cerebral aneurysms are typically found
____.

at points of bifurcation in the arteries of the
circle of Willis
Neurosurgery

Brain hemorrhages are typically the result
of ____.

uncontrolled hypertension
Neurosurgery

____ are the most common of the slowgrowing intracranial neoplasms.

Meningiomas
Neurosurgery

During a craniotomy for aneurysm repair,
____ may be necessary to prevent
vasospasm.

papaverine
Neurosurgery

Which procedure requires two Mayo
stands to prevent contamination?

transphenoidal hypophysectomy
Neurosurgery

What can previous ventriculoperitoneal
shunt placement cause?

small ventricles
Neurosurgery

What is an area of platelike thickening in
the embryonic epithelial layer that contains
ectoderm.

placode
Neurosurgery

Can be subdivided into the sympathetic
and parasympathetic nervous system….

autonomic nervous system
Neurosurgery

covers the brain and spinal cord ….

meninges
Neurosurgery

Collection of arteries that give rise to the
various branches supplying blood to the
brain …..

circle of Willis
Neurosurgery

Normally used to decompress a tumor…..

CUSA
Neurosurgery

Connects the CNS to skin and skeletal
muscles via the cranial and spinal
nerves……….

somatic nervous system
Neurosurgery

Osteophyte?

bony spur
Neurosurgery

The space between bone and dura….

epidural
Neurosurgery

A defect of the CNS in which a hernial sac
containing a portion of the spinal cord,
meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid
protrudes through a congenital opening in
the vertebral column ….

myelomeningocele
Ophthalmology

Bound anteriorly by the cornea and
posteriorly by the front of the iris is a
space referred to as the ____________
______________.

anterior chamber
Ophthalmology

Aqueous humor is found in the ____.

anterior chamber
Ophthalmology

The substance found in the posterior
chamber is called the ____.

vitreous humor
Ophthalmology

The ____ is an intrinsic muscle of the eye.

ciliary body
Ophthalmology

The term used to describe the location
behind the globe is ____.

retrobulbar
Ophthalmology

The outermost tunic of the eyeball is called
the ____.

sclera
Ophthalmology

Deviation of the position of the eye is
called _____________.

Strabismus
Ophthalmology

A small lump on the inner or outer
surface of the eyelid caused by an
inflammatory reaction of material trapped
inside an oil-secreting gland is called a(n)
___________________.

chalazion
Ophthalmology

An opacity of the crystalline lens is
referred to as a(n) ____.

cataract
Ophthalmology

A person who completely lacks cones
suffers from _____________. *

Ice Cream Withdrawal

color blindness
Ophthalmology

The innermost tunic of the eye is the ____.

retina
Ophthalmology

What regulates the amount of light
entering the eye through the pupil?*

tulip

iris
Ophthalmology

What condition is characterized by excess
pressure of the aqueous humor?**

May be treated with wacky tobackie!

glaucoma
Ophthalmology

What procedure is performed to open
blocked tear ducts?

lacrimal duct dilation
Ophthalmology

Phacoemulsification is one method of
_________________.

removing an opaque lens
Ophthalmology

Recession or resection is the surgical
treatment for ____.

strabismus
Ophthalmology

What instrument is used to remove the
recipient cornea during keratoplasty?

trephine
Ophthalmology

What is the primary function of the lateral
rectus muscles?

lateral eye movement
Ophthalmology

A wedge-shaped fibrovascular growth of
conjunctiva that extends onto the cornea is
called _______________.

pterygium
Ophthalmology

Where are the lacrimal glands located?

within the upper eyelids
Ophthalmology

The nasolacrimal duct drains into the
______________.

inferior meatus of the nose
Ophthalmology

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac is called
__________________.

dacryocystitis
Ophthalmology

Cryotherapy involves the use of ____.

cold
Ophthalmology

What pathology does the scleral buckle
procedure treat?

retinal detachment
Ophthalmology

Why is dacryocystorhinostomy performed?

to establish a new pathway for tear
drainage
Ophthalmology

Balanced salt solution (BSS) is used
intraoperatively to ________________.

irrigate the cornea
Ophthalmology

During extracapsular cataract extraction,
the ____________ _____________
remains.

posterior capsule
Ophthalmology

What is the action of acetylcholine
chloride?

to constrict the pupil
Ophthalmology

The process of phacoemulsification uses
what type of energy to fragment a
cataract?

ultrasonic
Ophthalmology

Why is it important to remove the powder
from the gloves prior to performing or
assisting with ophthalmic surgery?

to prevent corneal irritation
Ophthalmology

What is the purpose of placing a traction
suture prior to cataract extraction?

to stabilize the globe
Ophthalmology

Which type of incision used for cataract
extraction is self-sealing?

corneal
Ophthalmology

Why is hydroxyapatite used following
enucleation?

to provide a base of support for the
artificial eye
Ophthalmology

Betamethasone is what type of
pharmacological agent?

anti-inflammatory
Ophthalmology

Vitrectomy requires the use of what piece
of specialized equipment?

ocutome
Ophthalmology

The function of the inferior oblique muscle
is to ____. (Page 578)

rotate the eye upward and away from the
midline
Ophthalmology

The mucous membrane covering of the
eye is called ____.

conjunctiva
Ophthalmology

Which structure is referred to as the
“rainbow”?

iris
Ophthalmology

The cornea consists of ____ layers.

four
Ophthalmology

The sensory layer of the retina is made of
____.

photoreceptors
Ophthalmology

____ is the leading cause of blindness in
the United States.*

Squinting?

Glaucoma
Ophthalmology

Epiretinal membrane is a term used to
describe ____.

scar tissue that forms over the macula
Ophthalmology

Mydriatics and cycloplegic drugs cause
____.

pupil dilation
Ophthalmology

Diuretics are used to ____.

reduce intraocular pressure
Ophthalmology

Decadron is a common ____.

steroid
Ophthalmology

The most common suture needle used for
corneal suturing is ____.

spatula micropoint
Ophthalmology

The most common suture material used
for intraocular lens fixation is ____.

polypropylene
Ophthalmology

Chromic suture maintains tensile strength
approximately _____ days.

10 to 14
Ophthalmology

Congenital ptosis is marked by ____.

dystrophy of the levator muscle
Ophthalmology

Entropion is a condition that affects the
____.

lower eyelid
Ophthalmology

The removal of a section of the iris to
relieve the pressure buildup that occurs in
individuals with glaucoma is called_____.

Iridectomy
Ophthalmology

Intraocular pressure is measured with a
____ prior to any incision.

tonometer
Ophthalmology

During what procedure may a patient
receive an injection of intraocular gas to
create pressure on the retina while
subretinal fluid is reabsorbed and scars
form?

scleral buckle
Ophthalmology

During a scleral buckling, a ____ may be
used to secure the buckle in place.

Watzke sleeve
Ophthalmology

____ sponges are the sponges of choice
in Ophthalmic surgery

Weck
Ophthalmology

Corneal graft rejection may occur as late
as ____ following transplant.

20 years
Ophthalmology

What is another name for the traction
suture?

bridal
Ophthalmology

A fragmatome is used ____.

to remove a cloudy lens, which obstructs
the view of the retina.
Ophthalmology

the cornea ……….term

kerato-
Ophthalmology

Removal of the eyeball?

enucleation
Ophthalmology

Incision into the iris?

iridotomy
Ophthalmology

the eyeball: ……..**

“we are the world….”

globe
Ophthalmology

A cutting instrument used to cut a circular
piece of tissue ………

trephine
Ophthalmology

a swollen sebaceous gland in the eyelid

chalazion
Ophthalmology

used to coagulate tissue

diathermy
Ophthalmology