Transcript Circulatory_System

The Circulatory System
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Learning Goals
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Learn key components of the circulatory
system and their roles in the body:
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- platelets
- plasma
- veins - arteries - capillaries
• Understand & know the path that blood
takes in the circulatory system
Circulatory System
Purpose:
Transport substances throughout the body
(blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide,
enzymes, etc.)
Consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels
The Heart
• 4 chambers
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Main function is
to pump blood
around the body
• Special group of cells called “pacemaker cells”
send signals to the brain. The brain then tells the
heart to contract (control of heart rate)
• The heart is made up of muscular tissue
Red Blood Cells
Description:
- make up half our blood
volume
- Bright red
- No nucleus
Function:
- contain hemoglobin, a protein that picks up
oxygen and carbon dioxide
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
White Blood Cells
Description:
- make up only 1% of blood volume
Function:
- fight and destroy
disease-causing
bacteria and viruses
Platelets
Description:
- small cells
- Make up less than
1% of blood volume
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Function:
- help blood clot, seal wounds and stop
bleeding.
Plasma
Description:
- the protein-rich liquid in which blood cells
float.
- makes up half of our blood volume
Function:
- carries blood cells
- Dissolves wastes, nutrients and hormones
Anemia
• When an individual has fewer red blood cells than
normal, and/or less iron than normal. Iron is
required by red blood cells to bind to oxygen and
transport it to other cells in the body.
• Symptoms of Anemia:
- fatigue (feeling tired)
- light headedness
- dizziness
- headaches
- trouble concentrating
Veins
Description:
- large blood vessels that carry blood
towards the heart (low pressure)
**Veins always go TOWARDS the heart
Veins always contain de-oxygenated blood
(no oxygen) EXCEPT for the pulmonary
vein!!
Arteries
Description:
- large, muscular blood vessels that carry
blood away from the heart under pressure
**Arteries always go AWAY from the heart
Arteries always contain oxygenated blood
EXCEPT for the pulmonary artery!!
Capillaries
Description:
Thin-walled blood vessels that allow for the
exchange of gases, nutrients
and wastes between the
blood and body tissues
FAQ
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncomp resse d) de com press or
are nee ded to s ee this picture.
• Is blood able to go
“the wrong way?”
- No because arteries run
under constant pressure
pushing blood in the correct directions.
- Veins run under low pressure, but have
valves to stop the backflow of blood from
occurring.
FAQ 2
• Why do some athletes try to get away with blood
doping?
- “blood doping” is the process of adding RBC’s to a
person’s normal blood volume. As we know,
RBC’s carry oxygen to working cells. So by
adding more RBC’s to the blood volume, the
person is able to carry more oxygen to their
working tissues (active muscles).
The RBC pathway!
Blood moves through the circulatory system in a
closed pathway.
Blood passes through the heart twice (once through
the right side, once through the left side).
Don not forget that when you look at an anatomical
diagram, the left and right sides are opposite!
- Right side of the heart pumps blood to the
lungs to get oxygen.
- Blood absorbs oxygen and “gets rid of ”
carbon dioxide at the lungs (site of gas
exchange)
- Oxygenated blood then travels back to the
left side of the heart
- Blood passes through right atrium, then
right ventricle of heart
- Aorta (major artery) pumps blood from the
heart to all other parts of the body
- Arteries delivery blood to tissue
- Capillaries are found at the end of arteriole
beds and oxygen is released to tissue
- Carbon dioxide is then picked up by the
blood
- Veins carry blood back to the right side of
the heart ( right atrium, right ventricle)
- Blood is then pumped back towards the
lungs through the pulmonary artery to get
oxygen again
- Start again!
Game time
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ball = red blood cells
Lungs
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Left atrium
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries elsewhere in the body (muscles,
digestive system, brain, skin, etc.)
Scenarios
•
•
•
•
Normal, basic pathway
Increased heart rate (running)
Holding your breath
Explain interaction between heart rate and
breathing rate (circulatory system &
respiratory system)
Worksheet