Transcript File
Pathophysiology The Cardiovascular System Part 2 Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Infectious Diseases of the Heart Endocarditis- an infection of the innermost layer of the heart due to bacteria or viruses. Myocarditis- the infection of the heart muscle in between the inside and outside membranes. Pericarditis- an infection of the outer layer membrane of the heart. Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2 Bacterial Endocarditis Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Bacterial Endocarditis (Cont’d) Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4 Complications of Endocarditis Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5 Causes of Infectious Myocarditis Viruses (most common) Bacteria (immunosuppressed persons or in sepsis) Parasites & protozoa (e.g., Trypanosoma cruzi) Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6 Causes of Pericarditis Viruses (most common) Bacteria Fungi (rare) Rheumatic heart disease Uremia Open heart surgery Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7 Pericarditis Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8 Cardiomyopathy video Heart Muscle Disease: Dilated: viral infection, alcohol, cardiotoxic drug Hypertrophic: genetic Restrictive: amyloidosis, endomyocardial fibrosis Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9 Cardiomyopathy (Cont’d) Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10 Cardiac Tumors Rare Most common primary tumor: atrial myxoma, which is benign; can be removed surgically Metastases: most often from lung cancer; involve pericardium Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11 Artificial Valve Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Video 12 Arterial Diseases Atherosclerosis Arteritis Polyarteritis nodosa is a vasculitis of medium and smallsized arteries, which become swollen and damaged from attack by rogue immune cells. Small aneurysms are strung like the beads of a rosary Giant cell arteritis is an inflammatory disease of blood vessels most commonly involving large and medium arteries of the head, predominantly the branches of the external carotid artery. Raynaud’s Disease -is excessively reduced blood flow in response to cold or emotional stress, causing discolouration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other areas Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13 Polyarteritis Nodosa Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14 Diseases of Veins Varicose veins - are veins that have become enlarged and twisted. The term commonly refers to the veins on the leg. Veins have pairs of leaflet valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards. Thrombi – blood clots. Thrombophlebitis- inflammation of veins that causes blood clots. Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15 Varicose Veins Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16 Electrocardiogram Measurement The quickest and easiest test to check for MI’s is the EKG or ECG. It measures the wave of electrical energy through the heart nervous system and muscle. Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2000, 1996 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17